Marennikova S S
Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 1989 Jun(6):23-9.
In accordance with recommendations of the Global Commission on the certification of smallpox eradication for the 10-year period after the eradication of this infection, all suspected cases of smallpox have been thoroughly checked up, and in none of them the diagnosis of smallpox has been confirmed. The study of monkeypox in humans has revealed that this zoonosis is spread over a wider area than supposed earlier and covers 7 countries of Equatorial Africa, occurring most frequently in Zaire. In about 70% of cases of monkeypox in human the disease is contracted from animals serving as natural virus carriers and in about one-third of such cases, from humans having monkeypox. The infectivity of humans with monkeypox for persons having close contacts with them is somewhat lower (12.3%) than in smallpox when this characteristic varies from 37% to 88%. Monkeypox in humans may take an asymptomatic course. Some species of tropical squirrels serve as natural virus carriers. These investigations have also resulted in essential corrections being made in understanding the ecology of cowpox virus, another orthopoxvirus pathogenic for man. At least 5 species of rodents have proved to be of interest as natural carriers of cowpox virus.
根据全球天花根除认证委员会针对天花感染根除后10年期间的建议，对所有天花疑似病例进行了全面检查，均未确诊为天花。对人类猴痘的研究表明，这种人畜共患病的传播范围比原先设想的更广，覆盖赤道非洲7个国家，在扎伊尔最为常见。在人类猴痘病例中，约70%的疾病是从作为天然病毒携带者的动物感染的，约三分之一的此类病例是从患有猴痘的人感染的。与天花相比，患猴痘的人对密切接触者的传染性略低（12.3%），天花的这一特征在37%至88%之间变化。人类猴痘可能呈无症状病程。一些热带松鼠种类是天然病毒携带者。这些调查还对牛痘病毒（另一种对人类致病的正痘病毒）的生态学认识进行了重要修正。至少5种啮齿动物已被证明是牛痘病毒的天然携带者。
