Jezek Z, Khodakevich L N, Szczeniowski M V
Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 1988 Jun(6):23-30.
During the course of the smallpox eradication programme, a new eruptive disease clinically resembling smallpox was discovered in Zaire. The disease, which was named monkeypox after the virus, is a zoonosis occurring sporadically in countries of western and central Africa with tropical rain forest. The studies carried out in Zaire from 1980 through 1985 showed that monkeypox affects mainly children in relatively small remote villages whose population has traditionally frequent contacts with wild animals. Apart from the wildlife, the virus can be transmitted from man to man, but among other sources of infection sick persons did not exceed 20%. Presumed human transmission has occurred in 38 out of 61 outbreaks of human monkeypox and only once reached the third and once the fourth generation; the transmission in all affected villages under observation has extinguished itself. Considering the sporadic and relatively rare occurrence of the disease and expected complications following the immunization with vaccinia which protects from monkeypox, introduction of mass vaccination in the areas at risk is hardly justified at present.
在天花根除计划实施过程中，在扎伊尔发现了一种临床上类似天花的新发疹病。这种疾病以病毒命名为猴痘，是一种在西非和中非有热带雨林的国家零星发生的人畜共患病。1980年至1985年在扎伊尔开展的研究表明，猴痘主要影响相对较小偏远村庄的儿童，这些村庄的人口传统上经常与野生动物接触。除野生动物外，该病毒可在人与人之间传播，但在其他感染源中，患病者不超过20%。在61起人类猴痘疫情中，有38起发生了疑似人际传播，且仅一次传播到第三代，一次传播到第四代；在所有观察到的受影响村庄中，传播均自行终止。考虑到该疾病的零星且相对罕见的发生情况，以及接种可预防猴痘的牛痘疫苗后可能出现的并发症，目前在高危地区推行大规模疫苗接种几乎没有道理。
