Bianchi Renzo, Schonfeld Irvin Sam, Laurent Eric
Laboratoire de Psychologie, Université de Franche-Comté, EA 3188, 30-32 rue Mégevand, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France,
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2015 Jun;50(6):1005-11. doi: 10.1007/s00127-014-0996-8. Epub 2014 Dec 20.
Whether burnout and depression represent distinct pathologies is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine whether burnout and depressive symptoms manifest themselves separately from each other or are so closely intertwined as to reflect the same phenomenon.
A two-wave longitudinal study involving 627 French schoolteachers (73 % female) was conducted. Burnout was assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory and depression with the 9-item depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire.
Burnout and depressive symptoms clustered both at baseline and follow-up. Cluster membership at time 1 (T1) predicted cases of burnout and depression at time 2 (T2), controlling for gender, age, length of employment, lifetime history of depression, and antidepressant intake. Changes in burnout and depressive symptoms from T1 to T2 were found to overlap. Teachers with increasing burnout experienced increases in depression and teachers with decreasing burnout experienced decreases in depression. In addition, emotional exhaustion, the core of burnout, was more strongly associated with depression than with depersonalization, the second dimension of burnout, underlining an inconsistency in the conceptualization of the burnout syndrome.
Our results are consistent with recent findings showing qualitative and quantitative symptom overlap of burnout with depression. The close interconnection of burnout and depression questions the relevance of a nosological distinction between the two entities. Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, the two main dimensions of burnout, may be better conceptualized as depressive responses to adverse occupational environments than as components of a separate entity.
职业倦怠和抑郁症是否代表不同的病理状态尚不清楚。本研究的目的是检验职业倦怠和抑郁症状是彼此独立表现，还是紧密交织以反映同一现象。
对627名法国教师（73%为女性）进行了两波纵向研究。使用马氏职业倦怠量表评估职业倦怠，使用患者健康问卷的9项抑郁模块评估抑郁。
职业倦怠和抑郁症状在基线和随访时均聚集。控制性别、年龄、工作年限、抑郁终生史和抗抑郁药摄入量后，第1时间点（T1）的聚类成员可预测第2时间点（T2）的职业倦怠和抑郁病例。发现从T1到T2职业倦怠和抑郁症状的变化存在重叠。职业倦怠增加的教师抑郁增加，职业倦怠减少的教师抑郁减少。此外，职业倦怠的核心情绪耗竭与抑郁的关联比与去个性化（职业倦怠的第二个维度）的关联更强，这突显了职业倦怠综合征概念化中的不一致。
我们的结果与最近的研究结果一致，即职业倦怠与抑郁在症状上存在质和量的重叠。职业倦怠和抑郁的紧密联系质疑了这两种实体在疾病分类学上区分的相关性。职业倦怠的两个主要维度情绪耗竭和去个性化，可能更好地被概念化为对不良职业环境的抑郁反应，而不是一个独立实体的组成部分。
