Tavallaie Roya, De Almeida Swahnnya R M, Gooding J Justin
School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence for Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2015 Jul-Aug;7(4):580-92. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1324. Epub 2014 Dec 22.
Considerable attention has been dedicated to developing feasible point-of-care tests for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. An ideal biomarker for clinical use should be easily assayed with minimally invasive medical procedures but possess high sensitivity and specificity. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of different cellular processes, the unique altered patterns in cancer patients and presence in body fluids in the stable form, points to their clinical utility as blood-based biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. Although a variety of selective and sensitive laboratory-based methods are already exist for the detection of circulating miRNA, having a simple, low-cost and rapid assay, which could be routinely used in clinical practice, is still required. Among different approaches that have developed for circulating miRNA detection, biosensors, due to the high sensitivity, ease of use, short assay time, non-toxic experimental steps, and adaptability to point-of-care testing, exhibit very attractive properties for developing portable devices. With this view, we present an overview of some of the challenges that still need to be met to be able to use circulating miRNAs in clinical practice, including their clinical significance, sample preparation, and detection. In particular, we highlight the recent advances in the rapidly developing area of biosensors for circulating miRNA detection, along with future prospects and challenges.
为癌症诊断和预后开发可行的即时检测方法已受到广泛关注。临床使用的理想生物标志物应能通过微创医疗程序轻松检测，同时具备高灵敏度和特异性。微小RNA（miRNA）在不同细胞过程调控中的作用、癌症患者中独特的变化模式以及以稳定形式存在于体液中，这表明它们作为基于血液的生物标志物在癌症诊断、预后和治疗方面具有临床应用价值。尽管已经存在多种用于检测循环miRNA的选择性和灵敏的实验室方法，但仍需要一种简单、低成本且快速的检测方法，以便能够在临床实践中常规使用。在已开发的用于循环miRNA检测的不同方法中，生物传感器由于具有高灵敏度、使用方便、检测时间短、实验步骤无毒以及适用于即时检测等特点，在开发便携式设备方面展现出极具吸引力的特性。基于此观点，我们概述了在临床实践中使用循环miRNA仍需应对的一些挑战，包括它们 的临床意义、样本制备和检测。特别是，我们重点介绍了用于循环miRNA检测的生物传感器这一快速发展领域的最新进展，以及未来的前景和挑战。
