Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception UMR 8158, Université Paris Descartes Paris, France ; Psychology of Language Research Group, Georg-Elias-Müller Institute of Psychology, University of Göttingen Göttingen, Germany.
Psychology of Language Research Group, Georg-Elias-Müller Institute of Psychology, University of Göttingen Göttingen, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2014 Dec 9;5:1415. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01415. eCollection 2014.
Upon being presented with a familiar name-known image, monolingual infants and adults implicitly generate the image's label (Meyer et al., 2007; Mani and Plunkett, 2010, 2011; Mani et al., 2012a). Although the cross-linguistic influences on overt bilingual production are well studied (for a summary see Colomé and Miozzo, 2010), evidence that bilinguals implicitly generate the label for familiar objects in both languages remains mixed. For example, bilinguals implicitly generate picture labels in both of their languages, but only when tested in L2 and not L1 (Wu and Thierry, 2011) or when immersed in their L2 (Spivey and Marian, 1999; Marian and Spivey, 2003a,b) but not when immersed in their L1 (Weber and Cutler, 2004). The current study tests whether bilinguals implicitly generate picture labels in both of their languages when tested in their L1 with a cross-modal ERP priming paradigm. The results extend previous findings by showing that not just do bilinguals implicitly generate the labels for visually fixated images in both of their languages when immersed in their L1, but also that these implicitly generated labels in one language can prime recognition of subsequently presented auditory targets across languages (i.e., L2-L1). The current study provides support for cascaded models of lexical access during speech production, as well as a new priming paradigm for the study of bilingual language processing.
当呈现一个熟悉的名字-已知的图像时，单语婴儿和成人会在潜意识中生成图像的标签（Meyer 等人，2007 年；Mani 和 Plunkett，2010 年、2011 年；Mani 等人，2012a）。尽管双语者在显性双语产出中的跨语言影响已经得到了很好的研究（详见 Colomé 和 Miozzo，2010），但双语者在潜意识中是否会生成两种语言中熟悉物体的标签的证据仍然存在分歧。例如，双语者会在两种语言中潜意识地生成图片标签，但前提是在第二语言（L2）中进行测试，而不是在第一语言（L1）中进行测试（Wu 和 Thierry，2011），或者是在沉浸于第二语言（Spivey 和 Marian，1999；Marian 和 Spivey，2003a，b）中，而不是在沉浸于第一语言（Weber 和 Cutler，2004）中进行测试。本研究通过跨模态 ERP 启动范式，在双语者的第一语言中测试，以检验他们是否会潜意识地生成两种语言的图片标签。研究结果扩展了以前的发现，表明双语者不仅在沉浸于第一语言时潜意识地生成两种语言中视觉注视图像的标签，而且一种语言中潜意识生成的标签还可以为随后呈现的跨语言听觉目标（即 L2-L1）的识别提供启动。本研究为言语产生过程中的词汇访问级联模型提供了支持，也为双语语言处理的研究提供了一个新的启动范式。
