Jaffer Nasir M, Ng Edmund, Au Frederick Wing-Fai, Steele Catriona M
1 Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, Rm 565, 600 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada.
AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2015 Jan;204(1):49-58. doi: 10.2214/AJR.13.12374.
The purposes of this article are to review the anatomy of the upper gastrointestinal tract; review techniques and contrast agents used in the fluoroscopic examination of the oropharynx and hypopharynx; provide a pictorial review of some important causes of oropharyngeal dysphagia; and link these causes to key findings in the clinical history to assist in establishing a clinical diagnosis.
Many important causes and presentations of oropharyngeal dysphagia are sometimes overlooked during conventional upper gastrointestinal studies. Videofluoroscopic evaluation for assessment of both structural abnormalities and motility disorders of the oropharynx by use of various compositions of barium contrast medium is the standard of practice. Using best-practices radiographic techniques and having knowledge of swallowing mechanisms and various diseases are important for assessment of dysphagia. Dynamic fluoroscopic imaging remains an essential tool for assessing functional disorders of swallowing. Detailed videofluoroscopic assessment can guide treatment decisions with the goal of decreasing the secondary complications of dysphagia.
本文旨在回顾上消化道的解剖结构；回顾口咽和下咽荧光镜检查中使用的技术及造影剂；以图片形式回顾口咽吞咽困难的一些重要病因；并将这些病因与临床病史中的关键发现相联系，以协助建立临床诊断。
在传统的上消化道检查中，口咽吞咽困难的许多重要病因和表现有时会被忽视。通过使用各种钡剂造影剂组合，对口咽的结构异常和运动障碍进行视频荧光镜评估是标准的做法。采用最佳实践的放射学技术并了解吞咽机制和各种疾病，对于吞咽困难的评估很重要。动态荧光镜成像仍然是评估吞咽功能障碍的重要工具。详细的视频荧光镜评估可以指导治疗决策，目标是减少吞咽困难的继发并发症。
