Rauh Mitchell J, Barrack Michelle, Nichols Jeanne F
Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA.
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2014 Dec;9(7):948-58.
PURPOSE/BACKGROUND: During the 2013-14 school year, over 763,000 female athletes participated in interscholastic running sports in the United States. Recent studies have indicated associations between the female athlete triad (Triad) and stress fracture or other musculoskeletal injuries in elite or collegiate female running populations. Little is known about these relationships in an adolescent interscholastic running population. The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between Triad and risk of lower extremity musculoskeletal injury among adolescent runners.
Eighty-nine female athletes competing in interscholastic cross-country and track in southern California were followed, prospectively. The runners were monitored throughout their respective sport season for lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries. Data collected included daily injury reports, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) that assessed disordered eating attitudes/behaviors, a questionnaire on menstrual history and demographic characteristics, a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan that measured whole-body bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition (lean tissue and fat mass), and anthropometric measurements.
Thirty-eight runners (42.7%) incurred at least one lower extremity musculoskeletal injury. In the BMD Z-score ≤ -1 standard deviation (SD) adjusted model, low BMD relative to age (BMD Z-score of ≤ -1SD) was significantly associated (Odds Ratio [OR]=4.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-13.3) with an increased occurrence of musculoskeletal injury during the interscholastic sport season. In the BMD Z-score ≤ -2 SDs adjusted model, a history of oligo/amenorrhea was significantly associated (OR=4.1, 95% CI: 1.2-13.5) with increased musculoskeletal injury occurrence.
Oligo/amenorrhea and low BMD were associated with musculoskeletal injuries among the female interscholastic cross-country and track runners.
Regular, close monitoring of adolescent female runners during seasonal and off-season training may be warranted, so that potential problems can be recognized and addressed promptly in order to minimize the risk of running injury.
目的/背景：在2013 - 14学年，超过76.3万名女运动员在美国参加校际跑步运动。最近的研究表明，在精英或大学女子跑步人群中，女性运动员三联征（三联征）与应力性骨折或其他肌肉骨骼损伤之间存在关联。对于青少年校际跑步人群中的这些关系知之甚少。本研究的目的是确定三联征与青少年跑步者下肢肌肉骨骼损伤风险之间的关联。
前瞻性地跟踪了89名在南加州参加校际越野和田径比赛的女运动员。在整个各自的运动赛季中对跑步者的下肢肌肉骨骼损伤进行监测。收集的数据包括每日损伤报告、评估饮食失调态度/行为的饮食失调检查问卷（EDE - Q）、月经史和人口统计学特征问卷、测量全身骨密度（BMD）和身体成分（瘦组织和脂肪量）的双能X线吸收法扫描以及人体测量。
38名跑步者（42.7%）至少发生过一次下肢肌肉骨骼损伤。在骨密度Z评分≤ -1标准差（SD）调整模型中，相对于年龄的低骨密度（骨密度Z评分为≤ -1SD）与校际运动赛季期间肌肉骨骼损伤发生率增加显著相关（优势比[OR]=4.6，95%置信区间[CI]：1.5 - 13.3）。在骨密度Z评分≤ -2 SDs调整模型中，月经稀发/闭经史与肌肉骨骼损伤发生率增加显著相关（OR=4.1，95% CI：1.2 - 13.5）。
月经稀发/闭经和低骨密度与女子校际越野和田径跑步者的肌肉骨骼损伤有关。
在赛季和非赛季训练期间，可能有必要对青少年女跑步者进行定期、密切监测，以便能够及时识别并解决潜在问题，从而将跑步损伤风险降至最低。
2级。
