Lin Ling-Yi, Cherng Rong-Ju, Chen Yung-Jung, Chen Yi-Jen, Yang Hei-Mei
Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Infant Behav Dev. 2015 Feb;38:20-6. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2014.12.005. Epub 2014 Dec 25.
Literature addressing the effects of television exposure on developmental skills of young children less than 36 months of age is scarce. This study explored how much time young children spend viewing television and investigated its effects on cognitive, language, and motor developmental skills.
Data were collected from the Pediatric Clinics at University Medical Center in Southern Taiwan. The participants comprised 75 children who were frequently exposed to television and 75 children who were not or infrequently exposed to television between 15 and 35 months old. The age and sex were matched in the two groups. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development-second edition and Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-second edition were used to identify developmental skills. Independent t-tests, χ(2) tests, and logistic regression models were conducted.
Among 75 children who were frequently exposed to television, young children watched a daily average of 67.4 min of television before age 2, which was excessive according to the American Academy of Pediatrics. Viewing television increased the risk of delayed cognitive, language, and motor development in children who were frequently exposed to television. Cognitive, language, and motor delays in young children were significantly associated with how much time they spent viewing television. The type of care providers was critical in determining the television-viewing time of children.
We recommend that pediatric practitioners explain the impacts of television exposure to parents and caregivers to ensure cognitive, language, and motor development in young children. Advocacy efforts must address the fact that allowing young children to spend excessive time viewing television can be developmentally detrimental.
关于电视观看对36个月以下幼儿发育技能影响的文献较少。本研究探讨了幼儿花多少时间看电视，并调查了其对认知、语言和运动发育技能的影响。
数据收集自台湾南部大学医学中心的儿科诊所。参与者包括75名经常看电视的儿童和75名在15至35个月大时不看电视或很少看电视的儿童。两组在年龄和性别上相匹配。使用贝利婴儿发展量表第二版和皮博迪发展运动量表第二版来确定发育技能。进行了独立t检验、χ(2)检验和逻辑回归模型分析。
在75名经常看电视的儿童中，2岁前幼儿平均每天看电视67.4分钟，根据美国儿科学会的标准，这一时长过长。看电视增加了经常看电视的儿童出现认知、语言和运动发育迟缓的风险。幼儿的认知、语言和运动发育迟缓与他们看电视的时长显著相关。照顾者的类型在决定儿童看电视时间方面至关重要。
我们建议儿科医生向家长和照顾者解释看电视的影响，以确保幼儿的认知、语言和运动发育。宣传工作必须关注到让幼儿长时间看电视会对其发育产生不利影响这一事实。
