Debbané Martin, Barrantes-Vidal Neus
Schizophr Bull. 2015 Mar;41 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S386-95. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbu175. Epub 2014 Dec 29.
The schizotypy construct focuses attention on the liability to develop schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, yet traditionally, the schizotypy models have put more emphasis on stress-vulnerability interactions rather than developmental dynamics of emerging risk for psychopathology. Indeed, developmental accounts of this emerging personality trait have rarely been explicitly formulated. In this position article, we wish to convey some of the basic developmental tenets of schizotypy, and how they can inform high-risk research. Firstly, we tackle the state vs trait issue to outline the possible relationship between high-risk states and trait schizotypy. Second, we review the evidence suggesting that the consolidation of schizotypy, encompassing its 3 main dimensions, could be considered as a developmental mediator between very early risk factors and transition into high-risk states. Importantly, developmental dynamics between endophenotypes, as well as transactional and epigenetics mechanisms should enter modern conceptualizations of schizotypy. Finally, we present a developmental psychopathology perspective of schizotypy sensitive to both the multifinality and equifinality of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. We conclude that schizotypy represents a crucial construct in a fully-developmental study of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.
分裂型特质结构将注意力集中在发展精神分裂症谱系障碍的易感性上，然而传统上，分裂型特质模型更强调应激-易感性相互作用，而非精神病理学新出现风险的发展动态。事实上，这种新出现的人格特质的发展描述很少被明确阐述。在这篇立场文章中，我们希望传达一些分裂型特质的基本发展原则，以及它们如何为高危研究提供信息。首先，我们探讨状态与特质问题，以概述高危状态与特质分裂型特质之间的可能关系。其次，我们回顾证据，表明包含其三个主要维度的分裂型特质的巩固可被视为早期风险因素与转变为高危状态之间的发展中介。重要的是，内表型之间的发展动态以及交互和表观遗传机制应纳入分裂型特质的现代概念。最后，我们提出一种对精神分裂症谱系障碍的多终末性和等终末性都敏感的分裂型特质的发展精神病理学观点。我们得出结论，分裂型特质是精神分裂症谱系障碍全面发展研究中的一个关键结构。
