Prieske O, Muehlbauer T, Borde R, Gube M, Bruhn S, Behm D G, Granacher U
Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
Department of Sports Science, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2016 Jan;26(1):48-56. doi: 10.1111/sms.12403. Epub 2015 Jan 6.
Cross-sectional studies revealed that inclusion of unstable elements in core-strengthening exercises produced increases in trunk muscle activity and thus potential extra stimuli to induce more pronounced performance enhancements in youth athletes. Thus, the purpose of the study was to investigate changes in neuromuscular and athletic performance following core strength training performed on unstable (CSTU) compared with stable surfaces (CSTS) in youth soccer players. Thirty-nine male elite soccer players (age: 17 ± 1 years) were assigned to two groups performing a progressive core strength-training program for 9 weeks (2-3 times/week) in addition to regular in-season soccer training. CSTS group conducted core exercises on stable (i.e., floor, bench) and CSTU group on unstable (e.g., Thera-Band® Stability Trainer, Togu© Swiss ball) surfaces. Measurements included tests for assessing trunk muscle strength/activation, countermovement jump height, sprint time, agility time, and kicking performance. Statistical analysis revealed significant main effects of test (pre vs post) for trunk extensor strength (5%, P < 0.05, d = 0.86), 10-20-m sprint time (3%, P < 0.05, d = 2.56), and kicking performance (1%, P < 0.01, d = 1.28). No significant Group × test interactions were observed for any variable. In conclusion, trunk muscle strength, sprint, and kicking performance improved following CSTU and CSTS when conducted in combination with regular soccer training.
横断面研究表明，在核心强化训练中加入不稳定因素会增加躯干肌肉活动，从而可能产生额外刺激，促使青少年运动员的表现有更显著提升。因此，本研究的目的是调查青少年足球运动员在不稳定表面（CSTU）与稳定表面（CSTS）上进行核心力量训练后神经肌肉和运动表现的变化。39名男性精英足球运动员（年龄：17±1岁）被分为两组，除了常规的赛季内足球训练外，还进行为期9周（每周2 - 3次）的渐进式核心力量训练计划。CSTS组在稳定表面（即地板、长凳）上进行核心训练，CSTU组在不稳定表面（如弹力带稳定训练器、Togu瑞士球）上进行核心训练。测量内容包括评估躯干肌肉力量/激活、反向纵跳高度、短跑时间、敏捷时间和踢球表现的测试。统计分析显示，测试（训练前与训练后）对躯干伸肌力量（5%，P < 0.05，d = 0.86）、10 - 20米短跑时间（3%，P < 0.05，d = 2.56）和踢球表现（1%，P < 0.01，d = 1.28）有显著的主效应。未观察到任何变量有显著的组×测试交互作用。总之，当与常规足球训练相结合时，CSTU和CSTS训练后躯干肌肉力量、短跑和踢球表现均有所改善。
