Jacquet Jennifer, Dietrich Monica, Jost John T
Department of Environmental Studies, New York University , New York, NY, USA.
Department of Psychology, New York University , New York, NY, USA.
Front Psychol. 2014 Dec 18;5:1458. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01458. eCollection 2014.
The United States wields disproportionate global influence in terms of carbon dioxide emissions and international climate policy. This makes it an especially important context in which to examine the interplay among social, psychological, and political factors in shaping attitudes and behaviors related to climate change. In this article, we review the emerging literature addressing the liberal-conservative divide in the U.S. with respect to thought, communication, and action concerning climate change. Because of its theoretical and practical significance, we focus on the motivational basis for skepticism and inaction on the part of some, including "top-down" institutional forces, such as corporate strategy, and "bottom-up" psychological factors, such as ego, group, and system justification. Although more research is needed to elucidate fully the social, cognitive, and motivational bases of environmental attitudes and behavior, a great deal has been learned in just a few years by focusing on specific ideological factors in addition to general psychological principles.
在二氧化碳排放和国际气候政策方面，美国在全球具有不成比例的影响力。这使得美国成为一个特别重要的背景环境，可用于审视社会、心理和政治因素在塑造与气候变化相关的态度和行为时的相互作用。在本文中，我们回顾了新兴文献，这些文献探讨了美国在气候变化的思想、沟通和行动方面存在的自由派与保守派分歧。鉴于其理论和实践意义，我们关注一些人持怀疑态度和不作为的动机基础，包括“自上而下”的制度力量，如企业战略，以及“自下而上”的心理因素，如自我、群体和系统合理化。尽管需要更多研究来充分阐明环境态度和行为的社会、认知和动机基础，但通过关注除一般心理原则之外的特定意识形态因素，在短短几年内已经学到了很多东西。
