Forouhi Nita Gandhi, Wareham Nicholas J
is Programme Leader and Honorary Public Health Physician at the MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, UK. Competing interests: none declared.
Medicine (Abingdon). 2014 Dec;42(12):698-702. doi: 10.1016/j.mpmed.2014.09.007.
The disease burden related to diabetes is high and rising in every country, fuelled by the global rise in the prevalence of obesity and unhealthy lifestyles. The latest estimates show a global prevalence of 382 million people with diabetes in 2013, expected to rise to 592 million by 2035. The aetiological classification of diabetes has now been widely accepted. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are the two main types, with type 2 diabetes accounting for the majority (>85%) of total diabetes prevalence. Both forms of diabetes can lead to multisystem complications of microvascular endpoints, including retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy, and macrovascular endpoints including ischaemic heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease. The premature morbidity, mortality, reduced life expectancy and financial and other costs of diabetes make it an important public health condition.
由于全球肥胖率上升和不健康生活方式的影响，糖尿病相关的疾病负担在每个国家都很高且呈上升趋势。最新估计显示，2013年全球糖尿病患病率为3.82亿人，预计到2035年将增至5.92亿人。糖尿病的病因分类现已被广泛接受。1型和2型糖尿病是两种主要类型，其中2型糖尿病占糖尿病总患病率的大多数（>85%）。两种形式的糖尿病都可导致微血管病变的多系统并发症，包括视网膜病变、肾病和神经病变，以及大血管病变，包括缺血性心脏病、中风和外周血管疾病。糖尿病导致的过早发病、死亡、预期寿命缩短以及经济和其他成本，使其成为一项重要的公共卫生问题。
