a Centre of Chronic Disease Prevention, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences , Victoria University , Melbourne , Australia.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2016;56(1):92-112. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2012.753866.
Bioactive peptides are food derived components, usually consisting of 3-20 amino acids, which are inactive when incorporated within their parent protein. Once liberated by enzymatic or chemical hydrolysis, during food processing and gastrointestinal transit, they can potentially provide an array of health benefits to the human body. Owing to an unprecedented increase in the worldwide incidence of obesity and hypertension, medical researchers are focusing on the hypotensive and anti-obesity properties of nutritionally derived bioactive peptides. The role of the renin-angiotensin system has long been established in the aetiology of metabolic diseases and hypertension. Targeting the renin-angiotensin system by inhibiting the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and preventing the formation of angiotensin II can be a potential therapeutic approach to the treatment of hypertension and obesity. Fish-derived proteins and peptides can potentially be excellent sources of bioactive components, mainly as a source of ACE inhibitors. However, increased use of marine sources, poses an unsustainable burden on particular fish stocks, so, the underutilized fish species and by-products can be exploited for this purpose. This paper provides an overview of the techniques involved in the production, isolation, purification, and characterization of bioactive peptides from marine sources, as well as the evaluation of the ACE inhibitory (ACE-I) activity and bioavailability.
生物活性肽是源自食物的成分，通常由 3-20 个氨基酸组成，在与其母体蛋白结合时处于非活性状态。一旦在食品加工和胃肠道转运过程中通过酶解或化学水解释放出来，它们就有可能为人体提供一系列健康益处。由于肥胖症和高血压在全球的发病率空前增加，医学研究人员正在关注营养衍生的生物活性肽的降血压和抗肥胖特性。肾素-血管紧张素系统在代谢疾病和高血压的发病机制中的作用早已确立。通过抑制血管紧张素转换酶 (ACE) 的活性和阻止血管紧张素 II 的形成来靶向肾素-血管紧张素系统，可能成为治疗高血压和肥胖症的一种潜在治疗方法。鱼类蛋白和肽可能是生物活性成分的极好来源，主要作为 ACE 抑制剂的来源。然而，对海洋资源的过度利用给特定鱼类种群带来了不可持续的负担，因此，可以利用未充分利用的鱼类和副产品来实现这一目标。本文概述了从海洋资源中生产、分离、纯化和鉴定生物活性肽的技术，以及 ACE 抑制（ACE-I）活性和生物利用度的评估。
