Wheelis Sutton E, Gindri Izabelle M, Valderrama Pilar, Wilson Thomas G, Huang Jessica, Rodrigues Danieli C
Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
Private Practice of Periodontics, Dallas, TX, USA.
Clin Oral Implants Res. 2016 Mar;27(3):329-40. doi: 10.1111/clr.12545. Epub 2015 Jan 12.
To investigate the impact of treatments used to detoxify dental implants on the oxide layer morphology and to infer how changes in morphology created by these treatments may impact re-osseointegration of an implant.
Pure titanium (cpTi) and the alloy Ti6Al4V were subjected to a series of chemical treatments and mechanical abrasion simulating surface decontamination of dental implants. The morphology and roughness of the surface layer before and after treatment with these solutions were investigated with optical and atomic force microscopy (OM, AFM). The solutions employed are typically used for detoxification of dental implants. These included citric acid, 15% hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine gluconate, tetracycline, doxycycline, sodium fluoride, peroxyacetic acid, and treatment with carbon dioxide laser. The treatments consisted of both immersions of samples in solution and rubbing with cotton swabs soaked in solution for 1, 2, and 5 min. Cotton swabs used were analyzed with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).
The microscopy investigation showed that corrosion and pitting of the samples were present in both metal grades with immersion and rubbing methods when employing more acidic solutions, which had pH <3. Mildly acidic solutions caused surface discoloration when coupled with rubbing but did not cause corrosion with immersion. Neutral or basic treatments resulted in no signs of corrosion with both methods. EDS results revealed the presence of titanium particles on all rubbing samples.
It was demonstrated in this study that acidic environments coupled with rubbing are able to introduce noticeable morphological changes and corrosion on the surface of both titanium grades.
研究用于对牙种植体进行解毒的处理对氧化层形态的影响，并推断这些处理所产生的形态变化如何影响种植体的再骨结合。
对纯钛（cpTi）和Ti6Al4V合金进行一系列化学处理和机械磨损，模拟牙种植体的表面去污。用光学显微镜和原子力显微镜（OM，AFM）研究这些溶液处理前后表面层的形态和粗糙度。所使用的溶液通常用于牙种植体的解毒。这些溶液包括柠檬酸、15%过氧化氢、葡萄糖酸氯己定、四环素、强力霉素、氟化钠、过氧乙酸，以及二氧化碳激光处理。处理包括将样品浸入溶液中，并用浸泡在溶液中的棉签擦拭1、2和5分钟。对使用的棉签进行能量色散光谱（EDS）分析。
显微镜检查表明，当使用pH<3的酸性更强的溶液时，采用浸泡和擦拭方法处理的两种金属等级的样品均出现腐蚀和点蚀。中等酸性溶液与擦拭结合时会导致表面变色，但浸泡时不会引起腐蚀。中性或碱性处理在两种方法下均未出现腐蚀迹象。EDS结果显示，所有擦拭样品上均存在钛颗粒。
本研究表明，酸性环境与擦拭相结合能够在两种钛等级的表面引入明显的形态变化和腐蚀。
