Auksztulewicz Ryszard, Friston Karl
Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
Cereb Cortex. 2015 Nov;25(11):4273-83. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhu323. Epub 2015 Jan 16.
Despite similar behavioral effects, attention and expectation influence evoked responses differently: Attention typically enhances event-related responses, whereas expectation reduces them. This dissociation has been reconciled under predictive coding, where prediction errors are weighted by precision associated with attentional modulation. Here, we tested the predictive coding account of attention and expectation using magnetoencephalography and modeling. Temporal attention and sensory expectation were orthogonally manipulated in an auditory mismatch paradigm, revealing opposing effects on evoked response amplitude. Mismatch negativity (MMN) was enhanced by attention, speaking against its supposedly pre-attentive nature. This interaction effect was modeled in a canonical microcircuit using dynamic causal modeling, comparing models with modulation of extrinsic and intrinsic connectivity at different levels of the auditory hierarchy. While MMN was explained by recursive interplay of sensory predictions and prediction errors, attention was linked to the gain of inhibitory interneurons, consistent with its modulation of sensory precision.
尽管有相似的行为效应，但注意力和预期对诱发反应的影响不同：注意力通常会增强与事件相关的反应，而预期则会减弱这些反应。在预测编码理论下，这种分离现象得到了调和，其中预测误差由与注意力调制相关的精度加权。在这里，我们使用脑磁图和建模测试了注意力和预期的预测编码理论。在听觉失配范式中对时间注意力和感觉预期进行了正交操纵，揭示了对诱发反应幅度的相反影响。注意力增强了失配负波（MMN），这与其假定的前注意性质相悖。这种交互作用效应在一个典型的微电路中使用动态因果建模进行了模拟，比较了在听觉层次结构不同水平上具有外在和内在连接调制的模型。虽然MMN是由感觉预测和预测误差的递归相互作用来解释的，但注意力与抑制性中间神经元的增益有关，这与其对感觉精度的调制一致。
