Williams Joah L, Rheingold Alyssa A, Knowlton Alice W, Saunders Benjamin E, Kilpatrick Dean G
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
J Trauma Stress. 2015 Feb;28(1):41-8. doi: 10.1002/jts.21983. Epub 2015 Jan 22.
Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are a leading cause of physical injuries and mortality among children and adolescents in the United States. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between having an MVC and mental health outcomes, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and drug and alcohol misuse in a nationally representative sample of adolescents. A sample of 3,604 adolescents, aged 12-17 years, was assessed as part of the 2005 National Survey of Adolescents-Replication (NSA-R) study. Data were weighted according to the 2005 U.S. Census estimates. Within this sample, 10.2% of adolescents reported having at least 1 serious MVC. The prevalence of current PTSD and depression among adolescents having an MVC was 7.4% and 11.2%, respectively. Analyses revealed that an MVC among adolescents aged 15 years and younger was independently associated with depression (OR = 2.17) and alcohol abuse (OR = 2.36) after adjusting for other risk factors, including a history of interpersonal violence. Among adolescents aged 16 years and older, an MVC was associated only with alcohol abuse (OR = 2.08). This study was the first attempt to explore adverse mental health outcomes associated with MVCs beyond traumatic stress symptoms among adolescents in a nationally representative sample.
在美国，机动车碰撞事故（MVCs）是儿童和青少年身体受伤和死亡的主要原因。本研究的目的是在全国代表性的青少年样本中，研究机动车碰撞事故与心理健康结果之间的关联，包括创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）、抑郁症以及药物和酒精滥用。作为2005年全国青少年复制调查（NSA-R）研究的一部分，对3604名12至17岁的青少年样本进行了评估。数据根据2005年美国人口普查估计数进行加权。在这个样本中，10.2%的青少年报告至少发生过1次严重的机动车碰撞事故。发生机动车碰撞事故的青少年中，当前PTSD和抑郁症的患病率分别为7.4%和11.2%。分析显示，在调整包括人际暴力史在内的其他风险因素后，15岁及以下青少年发生机动车碰撞事故与抑郁症（OR = 2.17）和酒精滥用（OR = 2.36）独立相关。在16岁及以上的青少年中，机动车碰撞事故仅与酒精滥用相关（OR = 2.08）。本研究首次尝试在全国代表性样本中，探索青少年机动车碰撞事故除创伤应激症状外的不良心理健康结果。
