Caffarra Sendy, Molinaro Nicola, Davidson Doug, Carreiras Manuel
BCBL, Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Paseo Mikeletegi 69, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
BCBL, Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Paseo Mikeletegi 69, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo, 36-5, Plaza Bizkaia, 48011 Bilbao, Spain.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2015 Apr;51:31-47. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.01.010. Epub 2015 Jan 19.
Learning a second language (L2) can be crucial in the present globalized society. However, reaching the level of L1 performance of native speakers is still a challenge for many. Distinct factors could account for the persistent gap observed between natives' and non-natives' syntactic abilities: L1-L2 differences, AoA, proficiency, L2 immersion duration, L2 training duration. Although different theoretical approaches described the role of these several factors, not all studies using on-line measures have investigated them comprehensively and consistently. The present work reviews available ERP studies on L2 syntactic analysis in order to establish the relative weight of each factor on the time course of L2 processing. Logistic regression analyses were performed on the presence or absence of ERP effects reported in response to L2 syntactic violations, including all the influential factors as categorical independent variables. The results showed that immersion duration has an influence on the ERP correlates linked to early mechanisms of syntactic processing, while the global proficiency level has an impact on the ERP correlates related to late, language-monitoring activity.
在当今全球化社会中，学习第二语言（L2）可能至关重要。然而，对许多人来说，达到以英语为母语者的第一语言（L1）水平仍然是一项挑战。不同的因素可能导致母语者和非母语者在句法能力上持续存在差距：L1与L2的差异、习得年龄（AoA）、熟练程度、L2沉浸式学习时长、L2训练时长。尽管不同的理论方法描述了这些因素的作用，但并非所有使用在线测量的研究都对它们进行了全面且一致的调查。本研究回顾了现有的关于L2句法分析的事件相关电位（ERP）研究，以确定每个因素在L2处理时间进程中的相对权重。对针对L2句法违规所报告的ERP效应的存在与否进行了逻辑回归分析，将所有影响因素作为分类自变量。结果表明，沉浸式学习时长对与句法处理早期机制相关的ERP关联有影响，而整体熟练程度对与后期语言监测活动相关的ERP关联有影响。
