Pasquini M, Berardelli I, Biondi M
Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, SAPIENZA, University of Rome, Italy.
Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2014 Dec 19;10:166-71. doi: 10.2174/1745017901410010166. eCollection 2014.
Etiology of depressive disorders is still unknown. Several factors are involved in its pathophysiology such as neurotransmitters and neuroendocrine alterations, genetics, life events and their appraisal. Some of these components are strictly linked. Subjects with a family member affected by mood disorders are more prone to suffer from depressive disorders. It is also true that receiving feedbacks of indifference or neglect during childhood from one parent who suffer from depression may represent a factor of vulnerability. Indeed, reaction to a specific negative event may determine an increased allostasis which lead to a depressive episode. Thus, a psychological cause does not exclude a neurobiological cascade. Whereas in other cases recurrent depressive episodes appear in absence of any negative life event. This review provides a set of data regarding the current etiopathogenesis models of depression, with a particular attention to the neurobiological correlates and vulnerability factors.
抑郁症的病因仍不清楚。其病理生理学涉及多种因素，如神经递质和神经内分泌改变、遗传学、生活事件及其评估。其中一些因素紧密相连。有家庭成员患有情绪障碍的个体更容易患抑郁症。同样，童年时期受到患有抑郁症的一方父母冷漠或忽视的反馈也可能是一个易患因素。事实上，对特定负面事件的反应可能会导致体内稳态增加，进而引发抑郁发作。因此，心理原因并不排除神经生物学级联反应。而在其他情况下，反复出现的抑郁发作可能在没有任何负面生活事件的情况下出现。本综述提供了一组关于当前抑郁症病因发病机制模型的数据，特别关注神经生物学相关性和易患因素。
