Lee Homan, Tamminen Katherine A, Clark Alexander M, Slater Linda, Spence John C, Holt Nicholas L
Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2015 Jan 24;12:5. doi: 10.1186/s12966-015-0165-9.
To produce a meta-study by completing a systematic review of qualitative research examining determinants of independent active free play in children.
Following systematic electronic and manual searches and application of inclusion/exclusion criteria, 46 studies were retained and subjected to meta-method, meta-theory, and meta-data analyses, followed by a final meta-synthesis.
Identified determinants of independent active free play were child characteristics (age, competence, and gender), parental restrictions (safety concerns and surveillance), neighborhood and physical environment (fewer children to play with, differences in preferences for play spaces between parents and children, accessibility and proximity, and maintenance), societal changes (reduced sense of community, good parenting ideal, changing roles of parents, privatization of playtime and play spaces), and policy issues (need to give children voice). An ecological model depicting these factors, and the relationships therein, was created.
This comprehensive meta-study helps establish a knowledge base for children's independent active free play research by synthesizing a previously fragmented set of studies. Parents' perceived safety concerns are the primary barrier to children's active free play. These safety concerns are moderated by child-level factors (age, competence, gender) and broader social issues. Interventions should focus on community-level solutions that include children's perspectives. From a methods perspective, the reviewed studies used a range of data collection techniques, but methodological details were often inadequately reported. The theoretical sophistication of research in this area could be improved. To this end, the synthesis reported in this study provides a framework for guiding future research.
通过对定性研究进行系统综述，以探讨儿童自主积极自由玩耍的决定因素，从而开展一项元研究。
在进行系统的电子和人工检索并应用纳入/排除标准后，保留了46项研究，并对其进行元方法、元理论和元数据分析，随后进行最终的元综合分析。
确定的儿童自主积极自由玩耍的决定因素包括儿童特征（年龄、能力和性别）、父母限制（安全担忧和监督）、邻里和物理环境（可供玩耍的儿童较少、父母与儿童对玩耍空间的偏好差异、可达性和接近程度以及维护情况）、社会变化（社区意识减弱、良好育儿理念、父母角色转变、玩耍时间和空间的私有化）以及政策问题（需要听取儿童的声音）。构建了一个描述这些因素及其相互关系的生态模型。
这项全面的元研究通过整合先前零散的一系列研究，有助于为儿童自主积极自由玩耍研究建立知识库。父母感知到的安全担忧是儿童积极自由玩耍的主要障碍。这些安全担忧受到儿童层面因素（年龄、能力、性别）和更广泛社会问题的调节。干预措施应侧重于包含儿童视角的社区层面解决方案。从方法学角度来看，所审查的研究使用了一系列数据收集技术，但方法学细节往往报告不足。该领域研究的理论成熟度有待提高。为此，本研究报告的综合分析提供了一个指导未来研究的框架。
