Grace Fergal M, Herbert Peter, Ratcliffe John W, New Karl J, Baker Julien S, Sculthorpe Nicholas F
Institute of Clinical Exercise & Health Sciences, School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, UK.
Institute of Clinical Exercise & Health Sciences, School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, UK University of Wales Trinity Saint David, CamarthenWales, UK.
Physiol Rep. 2015 Jan 27;3(1). doi: 10.14814/phy2.12234. Print 2015 Jan 1.
Aging is associated with diffuse impairments in vascular endothelial function and traditional aerobic exercise is known to ameliorate these changes. High intensity interval training (HIIT) is effective at improving vascular function in aging men with existing disease, but its effectiveness remains to be demonstrated in otherwise healthy sedentary aging. However, the frequency of commonly used HIIT protocols may be poorly tolerated in older cohorts. Therefore, the present study investigated the effectiveness of lower frequency HIIT (LfHIIT) on vascular function in a cohort of lifelong sedentary (SED; n = 22, age 62.7 ± 5.2 years) men compared with a positive control group of lifelong exercisers (LEX; n = 17, age 61.1 ± 5.4 years). The study consisted of three assessment phases; enrolment to the study (Phase A), following 6 weeks of conditioning exercise in SED (Phase B) and following 6 weeks of low frequency HIIT in both SED and LEX (LfHIIT; Phase C). Conditioning exercise improved FMD in SED (3.4 ± 1.5% to 4.9 ± 1.1%; P < 0.01) such that the difference between groups on enrolment (3.4 ± 1.5% vs. 5.3 ± 1.4%; P < 0.01) was abrogated. This was maintained but not further improved following LfHIIT in SED whilst FMD remained unaffected by LfHIIT in LEX. In conclusion, LfHIIT is effective at maintaining improvements in vascular function achieved during conditioning exercise in SED. LfHIIT is a well-tolerated and effective exercise mode for reducing cardiovascular risk and maintaining but does not improve vascular function beyond that achieved by conditioning exercise in aging men, irrespective of fitness level.
衰老与血管内皮功能的弥漫性损伤有关，传统有氧运动已知可改善这些变化。高强度间歇训练（HIIT）对改善患有现有疾病的老年男性的血管功能有效，但其在其他方面健康的久坐不动的老年人中的有效性仍有待证明。然而，常用的HIIT方案的频率在老年人群中可能耐受性较差。因此，本研究调查了低频HIIT（LfHIIT）对一组终身久坐（SED；n = 22，年龄62.7±5.2岁）男性血管功能的有效性，并与一组终身锻炼者（LEX；n = 17，年龄61.1±5.4岁）的阳性对照组进行比较。该研究包括三个评估阶段：研究入组（A阶段）、SED组进行6周适应性锻炼后（B阶段）以及SED组和LEX组进行6周低频HIIT后（LfHIIT；C阶段）。适应性锻炼改善了SED组的血流介导的血管舒张（FMD）（从3.4±1.5%提高到4.9±1.1%；P < 0.01），使得入组时两组之间的差异（3.4±1.5%对5.3±1.4%；P < 0.01）消除。SED组在进行LfHIIT后，这种改善得以维持但没有进一步提高，而LEX组的FMD不受LfHIIT影响。总之，LfHIIT对于维持SED组在适应性锻炼期间所实现的血管功能改善是有效的。LfHIIT是一种耐受性良好且有效的运动模式，可降低心血管风险并维持血管功能，但在老年男性中，它并不能使血管功能改善超过适应性锻炼所达到的水平，无论其健康水平如何。
