Iwasaki Motoki, Franke Adrian A, Hamada Gerson S, Miyajima Nelson T, Sharma Sangita, Ishihara Junko, Takachi Ribeka, Tsugane Shoichiro, Le Marchand Loïc
aEpidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo bDepartment of Nutrition Management, Sagami Women's University, Kanagawa cDepartment of Community Preventive Medicine, Division of Social and Environmental Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan dEpidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA eNikkei Disease Prevention Center fSociedade Beneficente de Cotia Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil gDepartment of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Eur J Cancer Prev. 2015 Mar;24(2):155-61. doi: 10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000136.
Previous studies of Japanese migrants have suggested that the increase in colorectal cancer rates occurring after migration is slower among Japanese Brazilians than among Japanese Americans. We hypothesized that this difference may partly reflect differences in vegetable and fruit intake between the populations. Using data from validation studies of food frequency questionnaires being used in comparative case-control studies of colorectal adenoma in Tokyo, São Paulo, and Hawaii, plasma carotenoid, retinol, tocopherol, and coenzyme Q10 levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma levels were compared by analysis of covariance between 142 Japanese in Tokyo, 79 Japanese Brazilians in São Paulo, and 78 Japanese Americans in Hawaii. Overall, we found significantly lower plasma carotenoid levels, except for lycopene levels, and retinol levels in Japanese Americans compared with Japanese in Tokyo and Japanese Brazilians. The plasma total carotenoid level was highest in Japanese Brazilians. Compared with the mean level among Japanese Brazilians (1741.2 ng/ml), P for difference was 0.03 among Japanese in Tokyo (1514.4 ng/ml) and less than 0.01 for Japanese Americans (1257.7 ng/ml). Plasma lycopene and tocopherol levels did not substantially differ between the three populations. We also found significantly lower plasma levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D and total coenzyme Q10 in Japanese in Tokyo than in Japanese Americans and Japanese Brazilians. Higher levels of plasma carotenoids among Japanese Brazilians than among Japanese in Tokyo and Hawaii may have contributed to the slower pace of the increase in colorectal cancer rates observed in that population after migration.
此前对日本移民的研究表明，移民后结直肠癌发病率的上升在日裔巴西人中比在日裔美国人中更为缓慢。我们推测，这种差异可能部分反映了这两个人群在蔬菜和水果摄入量上的差异。利用东京、圣保罗和夏威夷进行的结直肠腺瘤比较病例对照研究中所使用的食物频率问卷验证研究的数据，通过高效液相色谱法测量血浆类胡萝卜素、视黄醇、生育酚和辅酶Q10水平，并通过酶联免疫吸附测定法估算25-羟基维生素D水平。通过协方差分析比较了东京的142名日本人、圣保罗的79名日裔巴西人和夏威夷的78名日裔美国人的血浆水平。总体而言，我们发现，与东京的日本人以及日裔巴西人相比，日裔美国人的血浆类胡萝卜素水平（除番茄红素水平外）和视黄醇水平显著较低。日裔巴西人的血浆总类胡萝卜素水平最高。与日裔巴西人的平均水平（1741.2纳克/毫升）相比，东京日本人的差异P值为0.03，日裔美国人的差异P值小于0.01（1257.7纳克/毫升）。三个群体之间的血浆番茄红素和生育酚水平没有实质性差异。我们还发现，东京的日本人血浆25-羟基维生素D和总辅酶Q10水平显著低于日裔美国人和日裔巴西人。日裔巴西人血浆类胡萝卜素水平高于东京和夏威夷的日本人，这可能是该人群移民后结直肠癌发病率上升速度较慢的原因之一。
