Richards Justin, Jiang Xiaoxiao, Kelly Paul, Chau Josephine, Bauman Adrian, Ding Ding
School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
BMC Public Health. 2015 Jan 31;15:53. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1391-4.
Mental health disorders are major contributors to the global burden of disease and their inverse relationship with physical activity is widely accepted. However, research on the association between physical activity and positive mental health outcomes is limited. Happiness is an example of a positive construct of mental health that may be promoted by physical activity and could increase resilience to emotional perturbations. The aim of this study is to use a large multi-country dataset to assess the association of happiness with physical activity volume and its specificity to intensity and/or activity domain.
We analysed Eurobarometer 2002 data from 15 countries (n = 11,637). This comprised one question assessing self-reported happiness on a six point scale (dichotomised: happy/unhappy) and physical activity data collected using the IPAQ-short (i.e. walking, moderate, vigorous) and four domain specific items (i.e. domestic, leisure, transport, vocation). Logistic regression was used to examine the association between happiness and physical activity volume adjusted for sex, age, country, general health, relationship status, employment and education. Analyses of intensity and domain specificity were assessed by logistic regression adjusted for the same covariates and physical activity volume.
When compared to inactive people, there was a positive dose-response association between physical activity volume and happiness (highly active: OR = 1.52 [1.28-1.80]; sufficiently active: OR = 1.29 [1.11-1.49]; insufficiently active: OR = 1.20 [1.03-1.39]). There were small positive associations with happiness for walking (OR = 1.02 [1.00-1.03]) and vigorous-intensity physical activity (OR = 1.03 [1.01-1.05). Moderate-intensity physical activity was not associated with happiness (OR = 1.01 [0.99-1.03]). The strongest domain specific associations with happiness were found for "a lot" of domestic (OR = 1.42 [1.20-1.68]) and "some" vocational (OR = 1.33 [1.08-1.64]) physical activity. Happiness was also associated with "a lot" of leisure physical activity (OR = 1.15 [1.02-1.30]), but there were no significant associations for the transport domain.
Increasing physical activity volume was associated with higher levels of happiness. Although the influence of physical activity intensity appeared minimal, the association with happiness was domain specific and was strongest for "a lot" of domestic and/or "some" vocational physical activity. Future studies to establish causation are indicated and may prompt changes in how physical activity for improving mental health is promoted.
精神健康障碍是全球疾病负担的主要促成因素，且其与身体活动的负相关关系已被广泛认可。然而，关于身体活动与积极心理健康结果之间关联的研究有限。幸福是心理健康的一种积极表现形式，可能会通过身体活动得到促进，并且可以增强对情绪波动的恢复力。本研究的目的是使用一个大型多国数据集来评估幸福与身体活动量之间的关联及其对强度和/或活动领域的特异性。
我们分析了来自15个国家（n = 11,637）的2002年欧洲晴雨表数据。这包括一个用六点量表评估自我报告幸福程度的问题（二分法：幸福/不幸福）以及使用国际体力活动问卷简表（即步行、中等强度、剧烈强度）和四个领域特定项目（即家务、休闲、交通、职业）收集的身体活动数据。采用逻辑回归来检验幸福与经性别、年龄、国家、总体健康状况、恋爱状况、就业和教育调整后的身体活动量之间的关联。强度和领域特异性分析通过经相同协变量和身体活动量调整后的逻辑回归进行评估。
与不活动的人相比，身体活动量与幸福之间存在正剂量反应关联（高度活跃：比值比 = 1.52 [1.28 - 1.80]；足够活跃：比值比 = 1.29 [1.11 - 1.49]；活动不足：比值比 = 1.20 [1.03 - 1.39]）。步行（比值比 = 1.02 [1.00 - 1.03]）和剧烈强度身体活动（比值比 = 1.03 [1.01 - 1.05]）与幸福存在小的正关联。中等强度身体活动与幸福无关联（比值比 = 1.01 [0.99 - 1.03]）。与幸福最强的领域特异性关联出现在“大量”家务（比值比 = 1.42 [1.20 - 1.68]）和“一些”职业（比值比 = 1.33 [1.08 - 1.64]）身体活动中。幸福也与 “大量” 休闲身体活动相关（比值比 = 1.15 [1.02 - 1.30]），但交通领域无显著关联。
增加身体活动量与更高水平的幸福相关。尽管身体活动强度的影响似乎最小，但与幸福的关联具有领域特异性，且在“大量”家务和/或“一些”职业身体活动中最强。未来需要开展研究以确定因果关系，这可能会促使在促进改善心理健康的身体活动方式上发生改变。
