Lander E S, Botstein D
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142.
Genetics. 1989 Jan;121(1):185-99. doi: 10.1093/genetics/121.1.185.
The advent of complete genetic linkage maps consisting of codominant DNA markers [typically restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs)] has stimulated interest in the systematic genetic dissection of discrete Mendelian factors underlying quantitative traits in experimental organisms. We describe here a set of analytical methods that modify and extend the classical theory for mapping such quantitative trait loci (QTLs). These include: (i) a method of identifying promising crosses for QTL mapping by exploiting a classical formula of SEWALL WRIGHT; (ii) a method (interval mapping) for exploiting the full power of RFLP linkage maps by adapting the approach of LOD score analysis used in human genetics, to obtain accurate estimates of the genetic location and phenotypic effect of QTLs; and (iii) a method (selective genotyping) that allows a substantial reduction in the number of progeny that need to be scored with the DNA markers. In addition to the exposition of the methods, explicit graphs are provided that allow experimental geneticists to estimate, in any particular case, the number of progeny required to map QTLs underlying a quantitative trait.
由共显性DNA标记（通常是限制性片段长度多态性，即RFLPs）构成的完整遗传连锁图谱的出现，激发了人们对实验生物中数量性状背后离散孟德尔因子进行系统遗传剖析的兴趣。我们在此描述了一组分析方法，这些方法改进并扩展了用于绘制此类数量性状基因座（QTLs）的经典理论。这些方法包括：（i）一种通过利用SEWALL WRIGHT的经典公式来识别用于QTL定位的有前景杂交组合的方法；（ii）一种通过采用人类遗传学中使用的LOD评分分析方法来充分利用RFLP连锁图谱的全部能力，以获得QTLs的遗传位置和表型效应准确估计值的方法（区间定位）；以及（iii）一种（选择性基因分型）能够大幅减少需要用DNA标记进行评分的后代数量的方法。除了对这些方法的阐述外，还提供了明确的图表，使实验遗传学家能够在任何特定情况下估计定位数量性状背后QTLs所需的后代数量。
