Temple Norman J
Centre for Science,Athabasca University,Athabasca,Alberta T9S 3A3,Canada.
Public Health Nutr. 2016 Jan;19(1):164-75. doi: 10.1017/S1368980014003292. Epub 2015 Feb 2.
It is now widely accepted that poor nutrition plays a major role in the epidemic of various diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes and CVD. There has also been much research regarding the role of related factors such as advertising and food prices. Many intervention studies have been carried out where attempts have been made to persuade people to modify their behaviour, such as by making dietary changes, in order to enhance health (health promotion). There has also been much debate on the potential of government policy as a tool for achieving these goals. Various proposals have been made, such as a tax on sugary drinks, the redirection of food subsidies and how the salt content of food can be reduced. However, the great majority of previous papers have considered only single aspects of the topics discussed here. The present paper reviews strategies for improving public health, both health promotion interventions and the use of government policy approaches. Topics discussed include providing advice for the general population and the design of food guides and food labels. This leads to the conclusion that we need an overall strategy that integrates this diverse body of information and formulates a comprehensive action plan. I propose the term 'strategic nutrition'. The implementation of this plan opens up a path to a major advance in public health.
现在人们普遍认为,营养不良在包括肥胖症、2型糖尿病和心血管疾病在内的各种疾病流行中起着主要作用。关于广告和食品价格等相关因素的作用也有很多研究。已经开展了许多干预研究,试图说服人们改变行为,比如通过改变饮食来增进健康(健康促进)。关于政府政策作为实现这些目标的工具的潜力也有很多争论。已经提出了各种建议,比如对含糖饮料征税、重新分配食品补贴以及如何降低食品中的盐含量。然而,以前的绝大多数论文只考虑了这里讨论的主题的单个方面。本文综述了改善公众健康的策略,包括健康促进干预措施和政府政策方法的运用。讨论的主题包括为普通人群提供建议以及食品指南和食品标签的设计。由此得出的结论是,我们需要一个整合这些不同信息并制定全面行动计划的总体战略。我提出了“战略营养”这个术语。该计划的实施为公共卫生的重大进展开辟了一条道路。