Tyszka Tadeusz, Macko Anna, Stańczak Maciej
Department of Economic Psychology, Kozminski University Warsaw, Poland.
Front Psychol. 2015 Jan 15;5:1578. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01578. eCollection 2014.
Several years ago, Cohen et al. (1958) demonstrated that under the influence of alcohol drivers became more risk prone, although their risk perception remained unchanged. Research shows that ambiguity aversion is to some extent positively correlated with risk aversion, though not very highly (Camerer and Weber, 1992). The question addressed by the present research is whether alcohol reduces ambiguity aversion. Our research was conducted in a natural setting (a restaurant bar), where customers with differing levels of alcohol intoxication were offered a choice between a risky and an ambiguous lottery. We found that alcohol reduced ambiguity aversion and that the effect occurred in men but not women. We interpret these findings in terms of the risk-as-value hypothesis, according to which, people in Western culture tend to value risk, and suggest that alcohol consumption triggers adherence to socially and culturally valued patterns of conduct different for men and women.
几年前，科恩等人（1958年）证明，在酒精的影响下，司机变得更容易冒险，尽管他们的风险认知保持不变。研究表明，模糊厌恶在一定程度上与风险厌恶呈正相关，但相关性不是很高（卡梅勒和韦伯，1992年）。本研究探讨的问题是酒精是否会降低模糊厌恶。我们的研究是在自然环境（餐厅酒吧）中进行的，在那里，向不同酒精中毒程度的顾客提供了在有风险的彩票和模糊彩票之间进行选择的机会。我们发现酒精降低了模糊厌恶，而且这种效应在男性中出现，在女性中则没有。我们根据风险即价值假说对这些发现进行了解释，根据该假说，西方文化中的人倾向于重视风险，并认为饮酒会促使人们遵循男女不同的社会和文化所重视的行为模式。
