Kim Jong-Eun, Hsieh Min-Heng, Shum Phillip C, Tubbs R Shane, Allison David B
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2015 Mar;23(3):644-52. doi: 10.1002/oby.21018. Epub 2015 Feb 3.
To investigate the risk and injury severity on the regional body (head, neck, and chest) of obese children in frontal motor vehicle crashes (MVCs).
No physical surrogates (i.e., crash dummies) for obese children were available, and experiments on pediatric cadavers were generally not feasible. Therefore, computational models of obese children using medical imaging processing and state-of-the-art modeling techniques were developed. A hybrid modeling technique was used to integrate the finite element model for torso fat layer into the standard multibody model to represent various levels of obese children for 3- and 6-year-old age groups. The models were used to investigate injury severity under various crash scenarios through model simulations.
The head injury criterion and chest acceleration were observed to increase as body mass index (BMI) increased. Meanwhile, no such correlations were found between BMI and neck injury and chest deformation. Forward head and torso excursions were observed to increase as obesity increased, owing to the momentum effect of greater body mass.
Obese children appeared to have greater risks for head and chest injuries than do their non-obese counterparts in frontal MVCs, owing to higher head and chest accelerations induced by greater body excursion.
研究肥胖儿童在正面机动车碰撞事故（MVCs）中身体各部位（头部、颈部和胸部）的受伤风险及严重程度。
由于没有适用于肥胖儿童的物理替身（即碰撞假人），且对儿科尸体进行实验通常不可行。因此，利用医学图像处理和先进建模技术开发了肥胖儿童的计算模型。采用混合建模技术将躯干脂肪层的有限元模型集成到标准多体模型中，以代表3岁和6岁年龄组不同肥胖程度的儿童。通过模型模拟，利用这些模型研究各种碰撞场景下的损伤严重程度。
观察到头部损伤标准和胸部加速度随体重指数（BMI）的增加而升高。同时，未发现BMI与颈部损伤和胸部变形之间存在此类相关性。由于更大体重的动量效应，随着肥胖程度增加，头部和躯干向前偏移量增大。
在正面MVCs中，肥胖儿童似乎比非肥胖儿童面临更大的头部和胸部受伤风险，这是由于更大的身体偏移导致更高的头部和胸部加速度。
