University of Oregon, Eugene, USA
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2016 Feb;20(1):27-48. doi: 10.1177/1088868314568811. Epub 2015 Feb 11.
Priming has emerged as a valuable tool within the psychological study of religion, allowing for tests of religion's causal effect on a number of psychological outcomes, such as prosocial behavior. As the literature has grown, questions about the reliability and boundary conditions of religious priming have arisen. We use a combination of traditional effect-size analyses, p-curve analyses, and adjustments for publication bias to evaluate the robustness of four types of religious priming (Analyses 1-3), review the empirical evidence for religion's effect specifically on prosocial behavior (Analyses 4-5), and test whether religious-priming effects generalize to individuals who report little or no religiosity (Analyses 6-7). Results across 93 studies and 11,653 participants show that religious priming has robust effects across a variety of outcome measures-prosocial measures included. Religious priming does not, however, reliably affect non-religious participants-suggesting that priming depends on the cognitive activation of culturally transmitted religious beliefs.
启动已成为宗教心理学研究中的一个有价值的工具，使我们能够测试宗教对许多心理结果（如亲社会行为）的因果影响。随着文献的增加，关于宗教启动的可靠性和边界条件的问题也出现了。我们使用传统的效应量分析、p 值曲线分析以及对发表偏差的调整来评估四种类型的宗教启动（分析 1-3）的稳健性，回顾宗教对亲社会行为的具体影响的实证证据（分析 4-5），并测试宗教启动效应是否适用于报告宗教信仰度低或没有宗教信仰的个体（分析 6-7）。在 93 项研究和 11653 名参与者中，结果表明，宗教启动在各种结果测量中都具有强大的效果——包括亲社会措施。然而，宗教启动并不会可靠地影响非宗教参与者——这表明启动取决于文化传播的宗教信仰的认知激活。
