Ganesh Balasubramanian, Masachessi Gisela, Mladenova Zornitsa
Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), P-33, C. I. T. Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010 West Bengal India.
Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
Virusdisease. 2014;25(2):223-38. doi: 10.1007/s13337-014-0207-y. Epub 2014 Apr 2.
Picobirnavirus (PBV) is a small, non-enveloped, bisegmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus of vertebrate hosts. The name 'Picobirnavirus' derives from the prefix 'pico' (latin for 'small') in reference to the small virion size, plus the prefix 'bi' (latin for 'two') and the word 'RNA' to indicate the nature of the viral genome. The serendipitous discovery of PBV dates back to 1988 from Brazil, when human fecal samples collected during the acute gastroenteritis outbreaks were subjected for routine rotavirus surveillance by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and silver straining (S/S). The PAGE gels after silver staining showed a typical 'two RNA band' pattern, and it was identified as Picobirnavirus. Likewise, the feces of wild black-footed pigmy rice rats (Oryzomys nigripes) subjected for PAGE assay by the same research group in Brazil reported the presence of PBV (Pereira et al., J Gen Virol 69:2749-2754, 1988). PBVs have been detected in faeces of humans and wide range of animal species with or without diarrhoea, worldwide. The probable role of PBV as either a 'primary diarrhoeal agent' in 'immunocompetent children'; or a 'potential pathogen' in 'immunocompromised individuals' or an 'innocuous virus' in the intestine remains elusive and needs to be investigated despite the numerous reports of the presence of PBV in fecal samples of various species of domestic mammals, wild animals, birds and snakes; our current knowledge of their biology, etiology, pathogenicity or their transmission characteristics remains subtle. This review aims to analyse the veterinary and zoonotic aspects of animal Picobirnavirus infections since its discovery.
微小双节段RNA病毒（PBV）是一种感染脊椎动物宿主的小型、无包膜、双节段双链RNA（dsRNA）病毒。“微小双节段RNA病毒”这个名称来源于前缀“pico”（拉丁语，意为“小”），用于指代病毒粒子的小尺寸，加上前缀“bi”（拉丁语，意为“二”）和单词“RNA”，以表明病毒基因组的性质。PBV的偶然发现可追溯到1988年的巴西，当时在急性胃肠炎暴发期间收集的人类粪便样本通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）和银染色（S/S）进行常规轮状病毒监测。银染色后的PAGE凝胶显示出典型的“两条RNA带”模式，随后它被鉴定为微小双节段RNA病毒。同样，巴西的同一研究小组对野生黑足侏儒稻鼠（Oryzomys nigripes）的粪便进行PAGE分析时，报告发现了PBV（佩雷拉等人，《普通病毒学杂志》69:2749 - 2754，1988）。在全球范围内，无论有无腹泻，在人类和多种动物物种的粪便中都检测到了PBV。尽管有大量关于在家养哺乳动物、野生动物、鸟类和蛇等各种物种的粪便样本中存在PBV的报道，但PBV作为“免疫功能正常儿童的‘原发性腹泻病原体’”、“免疫功能低下个体的‘潜在病原体’”或肠道中的“无害病毒”的可能作用仍不明确，需要进一步研究；我们目前对其生物学、病因、致病性或传播特征的了解仍然有限。这篇综述旨在分析自发现动物微小双节段RNA病毒感染以来的兽医和人畜共患病方面。
