Riggins Tracy, Rollins Leslie
University of Maryland.
Child Dev. 2015 May-Jun;86(3):889-902. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12351. Epub 2015 Feb 13.
Age-related differences in behavioral and electrophysiological indices of memory were examined in 3- to 6-year-old children (N = 76). Behaviorally, no differences were observed in children's ability to identify old items; however, 3-year-old children were less accurate in correctly rejecting new items, and 3- and 4-year-old children recalled fewer contextual details compared to 5- and 6-year-old children. Age-related differences in electrophysiological measures (800-1,000 ms after stimulus onset) were observed both to items recalled with contextual details, which increased between 3 and 4 years, and items recalled without contextual details, which were greatest in 5-year-old children, even after adjusting for global age-related differences. These findings, interpreted within a dual-process framework, may suggest changes in both recollection and familiarity processes during early childhood.
研究人员对76名3至6岁儿童的记忆行为和电生理指标的年龄相关差异进行了考察。在行为方面，儿童识别旧项目的能力未观察到差异；然而，3岁儿童正确排除新项目的准确性较低，与5岁和6岁儿童相比，3岁和4岁儿童回忆的背景细节较少。在电生理测量方面（刺激开始后800 - 1000毫秒），观察到与回忆有背景细节的项目存在年龄相关差异，这种差异在3至4岁之间增加，而对于回忆无背景细节的项目也存在年龄相关差异，即使在调整了与年龄相关的整体差异后，5岁儿童的差异最大。在双加工框架内解释这些发现，可能表明幼儿期回忆和熟悉过程都发生了变化。
