Saita Emanuela, Acquati Chiara, Kayser Karen
Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan Milan, Italy.
Raymond A. Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville Louisville, KY, USA.
Front Psychol. 2015 Feb 5;6:88. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00088. eCollection 2015.
The study examines the influence of personality traits and close relationships on the coping style of women with breast cancer. A sample of 72 Italian patients receiving treatment for early stage breast cancer was recruited. Participants completed questionnaires measuring personality traits (Interpersonal Adaptation Questionnaire), interpersonal closeness (Inclusion of the Other in the Self Scale), and adjustment to cancer (Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale). We hypothesized that diverse personality traits and degrees of closeness contribute to determine the coping styles shown by participants. Multiple regression analyses were conducted for each of the five coping styles (Helplessness/Hopelessness, Anxious Preoccupation, Avoidance, Fatalism, and Fighting Spirit) using personality traits and interpersonal closeness variables (Strength of Support Relations, and Number of Support Relations) as predictors. Women who rated high on assertiveness and social anxiety were more likely to utilize active coping strategies (Fighting Spirit). Perceived strength of relationships was predictive of using an active coping style while the number of supportive relationships did not correlate with any of the coping styles. Implications for assessment of breast cancer patients at risk for negative adaptation to the illness and the development of psychosocial interventions are discussed.
本研究考察了人格特质和亲密关系对乳腺癌女性应对方式的影响。招募了72名接受早期乳腺癌治疗的意大利患者作为样本。参与者完成了测量人格特质（人际适应问卷）、人际亲密度（自我包含他人量表）和癌症适应情况（简易癌症心理适应量表）的问卷。我们假设不同的人格特质和亲密程度有助于确定参与者所表现出的应对方式。使用人格特质和人际亲密度变量（支持关系强度和支持关系数量）作为预测变量，对五种应对方式（无助/绝望、焦虑关注、回避、宿命论和斗志）分别进行了多元回归分析。在自信和社交焦虑方面得分较高的女性更有可能采用积极的应对策略（斗志）。感知到的关系强度可预测采用积极的应对方式，而支持性关系的数量与任何一种应对方式均无关联。文中讨论了对有疾病负面适应风险的乳腺癌患者进行评估以及开展心理社会干预的意义。
