Tochitsky Ivan, Kramer Richard H
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2015 Oct;34:74-8. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2015.01.018. Epub 2015 Feb 22.
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are progressive retinal diseases that result from the death of rod and cone photoreceptors, ultimately leading to blindness. The only currently approved vision restoration treatment employs an implanted retinal 'chip' as a prosthetic device to electrically stimulate retinal neurons that survive after the photoreceptors are gone, thereby restoring light-driven neural signaling to the brain. Alternative strategies have been proposed, which would utilize optogenetic or optopharmacological tools to enable direct optical stimulation of surviving retinal neurons. Here, we review the latest studies evaluating the feasibility of these molecular tools as potential therapeutics for restoring visual function in human blinding disease.
视网膜色素变性(RP)和年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)是进行性视网膜疾病,由视杆和视锥光感受器死亡导致,最终会导致失明。目前唯一获批的视力恢复治疗方法是使用植入式视网膜“芯片”作为假体装置,对光感受器消失后仍存活的视网膜神经元进行电刺激,从而恢复向大脑的光驱动神经信号。已经有人提出了替代策略,即利用光遗传学或光药理学工具直接对存活的视网膜神经元进行光刺激。在此,我们综述了评估这些分子工具作为恢复人类致盲性疾病视觉功能潜在疗法可行性的最新研究。