von Gablenz P, Holube I
Institut für Hörtechnik und Audiologie, Jade Hochschule und Exzellenzcluster Hearing4All, Ofener Str. 16/19, 26121, Oldenburg, Deutschland,
HNO. 2015 Mar;63(3):195-214. doi: 10.1007/s00106-014-2949-7.
A pure-tone average of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz in the better ear (PTA-4) is the international standard criterion set by the World Health Organization (WHO) to describe hearing loss. Presently, there are no epidemiological data on hearing loss in Germany based on this criterion.
A representative sample of adults from Oldenburg and Emden were invited for a hearing assessment. This article analyzes the association between hearing loss and age, sex, noise, occupation, and educational level. Age- and sex-specific prevalence rates following the WHO classification are compared with international findings.
According to the WHO classification, the prevalence of hearing impairment in the study cohort (n=1,866) is approx. 16%. In men, who more commonly work in noisy jobs, a higher prevalence rate is observed than in women of the same age. Nevertheless, sex differences in the present study are smaller than those reported in most international studies. PTA-4 is approximately the same for men and women when effects of occupational noise are controlled, but differences in prevalence between occupational areas are still significant.
Compared with international findings, age-specific prevalence rates in HÖRSTAT are low. In the synopsis of epidemiological studies of the past 25 years, a trend toward decreasing prevalence in middle and higher age groups can be observed.
较好耳0.5、1、2和4千赫兹的纯音平均听阈（PTA-4）是世界卫生组织（WHO）设定的用于描述听力损失的国际标准指标。目前，德国尚无基于该标准的听力损失流行病学数据。
邀请来自奥尔登堡和埃姆登的具有代表性的成年样本进行听力评估。本文分析了听力损失与年龄、性别、噪声、职业和教育水平之间的关联。将遵循WHO分类的特定年龄和性别的患病率与国际研究结果进行比较。
根据WHO分类，研究队列（n = 1866）中听力障碍的患病率约为16%。在更常从事噪声工作的男性中，观察到的患病率高于同龄女性。然而，本研究中的性别差异小于大多数国际研究报告的差异。在控制职业噪声影响后，男性和女性的PTA-4大致相同，但不同职业领域的患病率差异仍然显著。
与国际研究结果相比，HÖRSTAT中特定年龄的患病率较低。在过去25年的流行病学研究综述中，可以观察到中高年龄组患病率呈下降趋势。
