Sungirai Marvelous, Madder Maxime, Moyo Doreen Zandile, De Clercq Patrick, Abatih Emmanuel Nji
Unit of Veterinary Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Insititute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium,
Exp Appl Acarol. 2015 Jun;66(2):269-80. doi: 10.1007/s10493-015-9892-5. Epub 2015 Feb 27.
In total 7657 ticks were collected from 121 dip tanks in 12 districts representative of Zimbabwe's five ecological regions between September 2013 and May 2014. Based on morphological traits four genera and 13 species of ticks were identified. Amblyomma hebraeum (60.3 %), Rhipicephalus microplus (58.7 %), Rhipicephalus decoloratus (47.1 %), Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (56.2 %), Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (67.8 %), Rhipicephalus (near) punctatus (13.2 %), Hyalomma truncatum (38 %) and Hyalomma rufipes (46.3 %) were found in all the ecological regions of the country. Amblyomma variegatum and Rhipicephalus compositus (0.8 %) were only found in the north central part of the country while Rhipicephalus simus (5 %) had a sparse distribution. The Haemaphysalis leachi group (1.7 %) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (1.7 %) were found whenever dogs were sampled suggesting these could be widespread throughout the country. The study confirmed the continued limited distribution of A. variegatum (3.3 %) in the north central parts of the country, whereas A. hebraeum was found to have a wide distribution also encroaching areas of high rainfall and lower temperatures where it was not previously recorded. A parapatric relationship existed between these two Amblyomma species. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus was also widely distributed although its presence was dominant in the cooler and wetter parts of the country. The traditionally held view that Hyalomma species and R. evertsi evertsi can survive well under diverse conditions is upheld in this study. Rhipicephalus microplus was also present in dry regions but its adaptability to these regions requires further investigation.
2013年9月至2014年5月期间，从代表津巴布韦五个生态区域的12个地区的121个浸液池中总共采集了7657只蜱虫。根据形态特征，鉴定出了4个属和13种蜱虫。在该国所有生态区域都发现了希伯来花蜱（60.3%）、微小扇头蜱（58.7%）、脱色扇头蜱（47.1%）、附加扇头蜱（56.2%）、埃氏扇头蜱（67.8%）、（近）点状扇头蜱（13.2%）、截形璃眼蜱（38%）和红足璃眼蜱（46.3%）。变异花蜱和组合扇头蜱（0.8%）仅在该国中北部地区发现，而西门扇头蜱（5%）分布稀疏。只要对狗进行采样，就会发现李氏血蜱组（1.7%）和血红扇头蜱（1.7%），这表明它们可能在全国广泛分布。该研究证实，变异花蜱（3.3%）在该国中北部地区的分布仍然有限，而希伯来花蜱被发现分布广泛，还侵入了以前未记录的高降雨和低温地区。这两种花蜱之间存在邻域关系。附加扇头蜱也广泛分布，尽管它在该国较凉爽和湿润的地区占主导地位。本研究支持了传统观点，即璃眼蜱属物种和埃氏扇头蜱能够在不同条件下良好生存。微小扇头蜱也存在于干旱地区，但其对这些地区的适应性需要进一步研究。
