Schmidt Vanessa M, Pinchbeck Gina L, Nuttall Tim, McEwan Neil, Dawson Susan, Williams Nicola J
Department of Infection Biology, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, United Kingdom.
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, United Kingdom.
Prev Vet Med. 2015 Apr 1;119(1-2):31-40. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.01.013. Epub 2015 Jan 25.
Antimicrobial resistant bacteria are increasingly detected from canine samples but few studies have examined commensal isolates in healthy community dogs. We aimed to characterise faecal Escherichia coli from 73 healthy non-veterinarian-visiting and non-antimicrobial treated Labrador retrievers, recruited from dog shows in the North West United Kingdom between November 2010 and June 2011. Each enrolled dog provided one faecal sample for our study. E. coli were isolated from 72/73 (99%) faecal samples. Disc diffusion susceptibility tests were determined for a range of antimicrobials, including phenotypic extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC-production. PCR assay detected phylogenetic groups and resistance genes (blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM, blaOXA, blaCIT, qnr), and conjugation experiments were performed to investigate potential transfer of mobile genetic elements. Multivariable logistic regression examined potential risk factors from owner-questionnaires for the presence of antimicrobial resistant faecal E. coli. Antimicrobial resistant, multi-drug resistant (≥3 antimicrobial classes; MDR) and AmpC-producing E. coli were detected in 63%, 30% and 16% of samples, respectively. ESBL-producing E. coli was detected from only one sample and conjugation experiments found that blaCTX-M and blaCIT were transferred from commensal E. coli to a recipient strain. Most isolates were phylogenetic groups B1 and A. Group B2 isolates were associated with lower prevalence of resistance to at least one antimicrobial (P<0.001) and MDR (P<0.001). Significant at P<0.003, was the consumption of raw meat for clavulanate-amoxicillin (OR: 9.57; 95% CI: 2.0-45.7) and third generation cephalosporin resistance (3GCR) (OR: 10.9; 95% CI: 2.2-54.0). AMR E. coli were surprisingly prevalent in this group of non-antimicrobial treated and non-veterinarian-visiting dogs and consumption of raw meat was a significant risk factor for antimicrobial resistance. These findings are of concern due to the increasing popularity of raw-meat canine diets, and the potential for opportunistic infection, zoonotic transmission and transmission of antimicrobial resistant determinants from commensal isolates to potential pathogenic bacteria.
抗菌药物耐药性细菌越来越多地从犬类样本中被检测到，但很少有研究检测健康社区犬的共生菌分离株。我们旨在对2010年11月至2011年6月间从英国西北部犬展招募的73只健康、未就诊且未接受抗菌药物治疗的拉布拉多寻回犬的粪便大肠杆菌进行特征分析。每只入选的犬为我们的研究提供一份粪便样本。从72/73（99%）份粪便样本中分离出了大肠杆菌。对一系列抗菌药物进行了纸片扩散药敏试验，包括检测表型超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）和AmpC的产生。PCR检测确定了系统发育群和耐药基因（blaCTX-M、blaSHV、blaTEM、blaOXA、blaCIT、qnr），并进行了接合试验以研究移动遗传元件的潜在转移。多变量逻辑回归分析了主人问卷中与抗菌药物耐药粪便大肠杆菌存在相关的潜在风险因素。分别在63%、30%和16%的样本中检测到了抗菌药物耐药、多重耐药（≥3类抗菌药物；MDR）和产AmpC的大肠杆菌。仅从一个样本中检测到了产ESBL的大肠杆菌，接合试验发现blaCTX-M和blaCIT从共生大肠杆菌转移到了受体菌株。大多数分离株属于系统发育群B1和A。B2群分离株与对至少一种抗菌药物耐药（P<0.001）和多重耐药（P<0.001）的较低患病率相关。食用生肉与克拉维酸-阿莫西林耐药（比值比：9.57；95%置信区间：2.0-45.7）和第三代头孢菌素耐药（3GCR）（比值比：10.9；95%置信区间：2.2-54.0）在P<0.003水平上具有显著相关性。在这组未接受抗菌药物治疗且未就诊的犬中，抗菌药物耐药大肠杆菌的患病率惊人地高，食用生肉是抗菌药物耐药的一个重要风险因素。鉴于生肉犬粮越来越受欢迎，以及存在机会性感染、人畜共患病传播以及抗菌药物耐药决定因素从共生菌分离株传播到潜在病原菌的可能性，这些发现令人担忧。
