Tocchio Shannon, Kline-Fath Beth, Kanal Emanuel, Schmithorst Vincent J, Panigrahy Ashok
Pediatric Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology Children׳s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.
Department of Radiology Cincinnati Children׳s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
Semin Perinatol. 2015 Mar;39(2):73-104. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2015.01.002. Epub 2015 Mar 3.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation of the developing brain has dramatically increased over the last decade. Faster acquisitions and the development of advanced MRI sequences, such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), perfusion imaging, functional MR imaging (fMRI), and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), as well as the use of higher magnetic field strengths has made MRI an invaluable tool for detailed evaluation of the developing brain. This article will provide an overview of the use and challenges associated with 1.5-T and 3-T static magnetic fields for evaluation of the developing brain. This review will also summarize the advantages, clinical challenges, and safety concerns specifically related to MRI in the fetus and newborn, including the implications of increased magnetic field strength, logistics related to transporting and monitoring of neonates during scanning, and sedation considerations, and a discussion of current technologies such as MRI conditional neonatal incubators and dedicated small-foot print neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) scanners.
在过去十年中，磁共振成像（MRI）对发育中大脑的评估有了显著增加。更快的采集速度以及先进MRI序列的发展，如磁共振波谱（MRS）、扩散张量成像（DTI）、灌注成像、功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和磁敏感加权成像（SWI），再加上更高磁场强度的应用，使MRI成为详细评估发育中大脑的宝贵工具。本文将概述1.5-T和3-T静磁场在评估发育中大脑时的应用及挑战。本综述还将总结与胎儿和新生儿MRI特别相关的优势、临床挑战和安全问题，包括磁场强度增加的影响、扫描期间运送和监测新生儿的后勤问题以及镇静方面的考虑，此外还将讨论当前的技术，如MRI条件新生儿保育箱和专用小尺寸新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）扫描仪。
