Mead Ben, Berry Martin, Logan Ann, Scott Robert A H, Leadbeater Wendy, Scheven Ben A
Neurotrauma Research Group, Neurobiology Section, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, B4 6NN, UK.
Neurotrauma Research Group, Neurobiology Section, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
Stem Cell Res. 2015 May;14(3):243-57. doi: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.02.003. Epub 2015 Feb 24.
Stem cell therapies are being explored extensively as treatments for degenerative eye disease, either for replacing lost neurons, restoring neural circuits or, based on more recent evidence, as paracrine-mediated therapies in which stem cell-derived trophic factors protect compromised endogenous retinal neurons from death and induce the growth of new connections. Retinal progenitor phenotypes induced from embryonic stem cells/induced pluripotent stem cells (ESCs/iPSCs) and endogenous retinal stem cells may replace lost photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and restore vision in the diseased eye, whereas treatment of injured retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) has so far been reliant on mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Here, we review the properties of non-retinal-derived adult stem cells, in particular neural stem cells (NSCs), MSC derived from bone marrow (BMSC), adipose tissues (ADSC) and dental pulp (DPSC), together with ESC/iPSC and discuss and compare their potential advantages as therapies designed to provide trophic support, repair and replacement of retinal neurons, RPE and glia in degenerative retinal diseases. We conclude that ESCs/iPSCs have the potential to replace lost retinal cells, whereas MSC may be a useful source of paracrine factors that protect RGC and stimulate regeneration of their axons in the optic nerve in degenerate eye disease. NSC may have potential as both a source of replacement cells and also as mediators of paracrine treatment.
干细胞疗法正在被广泛探索，作为治疗退行性眼病的方法，要么用于替代丢失的神经元、恢复神经回路，或者，基于最新证据，作为旁分泌介导的疗法，其中干细胞衍生的营养因子保护受损的内源性视网膜神经元免于死亡，并诱导新连接的生长。由胚胎干细胞/诱导多能干细胞（ESCs/iPSCs）和内源性视网膜干细胞诱导产生的视网膜祖细胞表型可能替代丢失的光感受器和视网膜色素上皮（RPE）细胞，并恢复患病眼睛的视力，而到目前为止，对受损视网膜神经节细胞（RGCs）的治疗一直依赖于间充质干细胞（MSC）。在这里，我们综述非视网膜来源的成体干细胞的特性，特别是神经干细胞（NSCs）、源自骨髓的间充质干细胞（BMSC）、脂肪组织（ADSC）和牙髓（DPSC），以及ESCs/iPSCs，并讨论和比较它们作为旨在为退行性视网膜疾病中的视网膜神经元、RPE和神经胶质提供营养支持、修复和替代的疗法的潜在优势。我们得出结论，ESCs/iPSCs有潜力替代丢失的视网膜细胞，而MSC可能是旁分泌因子的有用来源，这些因子在退行性眼病中保护RGC并刺激其在视神经中的轴突再生。NSC可能既有作为替代细胞来源的潜力，也有作为旁分泌治疗介质的潜力。
