Xu Chao-Jin, Wang Jun-Ling, Jin Wei-Lin
Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, University town, Cha Shan, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
J Mol Neurosci. 2015 Aug;56(4):887-897. doi: 10.1007/s12031-015-0538-1. Epub 2015 Mar 11.
Neural stem cells (NSCs) could produce various cell phenotypes in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in the central nervous system (CNS), where neurogenesis has been determined to occur. The extracellular microenvironment also influences the behaviors of NSCs during development and at CNS injury sites. Our previous study indicates that myelin, a component of the CNS, could regulate the differentiation of NSCs in vitro. Recent reports have implicated three myelin-derived inhibitors, NogoA, myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), and oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein (OMgp), as well as several axon guidance molecules as regulators of NSC survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the behavior of NSCs are not fully understood. In this study, we summarize the current literature on the effects of different extrinsic factors on NSCs and discuss possible mechanisms, as well as future possible clinical applications.
神经干细胞（NSCs）可在中枢神经系统（CNS）的脑室下区（SVZ）和海马齿状回产生多种细胞表型，神经发生已被确定在此处发生。细胞外微环境在发育过程中以及在CNS损伤部位也会影响神经干细胞的行为。我们之前的研究表明，髓磷脂作为CNS的一种成分，可在体外调节神经干细胞的分化。最近的报道表明，三种髓磷脂衍生抑制剂，即NogoA、髓磷脂相关糖蛋白（MAG）和少突胶质细胞-髓磷脂糖蛋白（OMgp），以及几种轴突导向分子是神经干细胞存活、增殖、迁移和分化的调节因子。然而，神经干细胞行为背后的分子机制尚未完全了解。在本研究中，我们总结了当前关于不同外在因素对神经干细胞影响的文献，并讨论了可能的机制以及未来可能的临床应用。
