Hahn Irene, Kunz-Vekiru Elisavet, Twarużek Magdalena, Grajewski Jan, Krska Rudolf, Berthiller Franz
a Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism and Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln) , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) , Tulln , Austria.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2015;32(6):922-33. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1023741. Epub 2015 Mar 20.
Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are mycotoxins produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium which frequently contaminate maize and grain cereals. Mycotoxin-contaminated feed endangers animal health and leads to economic losses in animal production. Several mycotoxin elimination strategies, including the use of commercially available DON and ZEN detoxifying agents, have been developed. However, frequently there is no scientific proof of the efficacy of such adsorbents and degrading products. We therefore tested 20 commercially available products claiming to detoxify DON and/or ZEN either by biodegradation (4 products) or a combination of degradation and adsorption (16 products) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions at approx. pH 7. Under the applied conditions, a complete reduction of DON and consequent formation of the known non-toxic metabolite DOM-1 was exclusively observed in samples taken from the anaerobic degradation experiment of one product. For all other products, incubated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, a maximum DON reduction of 17% after 72 h of incubation was detected. Aerobic and anaerobic incubation of only one tested product resulted in complete ZEN reduction as well as in the formation of the less-toxic metabolites DHZEN and HZEN. With this product, 68-97% of the toxin was metabolised within 3 h. After 24 h, a ZEN reduction ≥ 60% was obtained with four additional products during aerobic incubation only. Six of the 20 investigated products produced α- and/or β-ZEL, which are metabolites showing similar oestrogenic activity compared to ZEN. Aerobic and anaerobic degradation to unknown metabolites with unidentified toxicity was obtained with 10 and 3 products, respectively. The results of our study demonstrate the importance of in vitro experiments to critically screen agents claiming mycotoxin detoxification.
脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）和玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）是镰刀菌属真菌产生的霉菌毒素，它们经常污染玉米和谷物。受霉菌毒素污染的饲料会危及动物健康，并导致动物生产中的经济损失。已经开发了几种霉菌毒素消除策略，包括使用市售的DON和ZEN解毒剂。然而，这类吸附剂和降解产品的功效往往缺乏科学依据。因此，我们测试了20种市售产品，这些产品声称可通过生物降解（4种产品）或降解与吸附相结合（16种产品）的方式对DON和/或ZEN进行解毒，测试在有氧和无氧条件下、pH约为7的环境中进行。在所应用的条件下，仅在一种产品的厌氧降解实验所取的样品中观察到DON完全降解，并随之形成了已知的无毒代谢物DOM-1。对于在有氧和无氧条件下孵育的所有其他产品，孵育72小时后检测到DON的最大降解率为17%。仅一种受试产品的有氧和无氧孵育导致ZEN完全降解，并形成了毒性较小的代谢物DHZEN和HZEN。使用该产品时，68-97%的毒素在3小时内被代谢。24小时后，仅在有氧孵育期间，另外四种产品的ZEN降解率≥60%。20种受试产品中有6种产生了α-和/或β-玉米赤霉醇，它们是与ZEN具有相似雌激素活性的代谢物。分别有10种和3种产品的有氧和无氧降解产物为毒性不明的未知代谢物。我们的研究结果表明，体外实验对于严格筛选声称具有霉菌毒素解毒作用的试剂非常重要。
