Department of Health and Genomics, Centre for Advanced Research in Public Health, Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana Foundation Valencia, Spain.
Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago, Spain.
Front Microbiol. 2015 Feb 24;6:119. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00119. eCollection 2015.
The etiology of periodontitis has traditionally been associated to a consortium of three bacterial species-the so-called "red-complex" of periodontal disease-which has been the target for most diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. However, other species have also been found to correlate with disease severity. In addition, the influence of smoking on periodontal microbiota is poorly understood. In the current manuscript, the composition of the subgingival microbiota in healthy individuals vs. patients with chronic periodontitis has been investigated using 16S pyrosequencing and the influence of smoking on periodontal composition has been examined. Subgingival bacterial communities were sampled from 82 patients: 22 non-smoking healthy controls, 28 non-smoking periodontal patients, and 32 smoking periodontal patients. Bacterial diversity was higher in periodontal patients than in healthy subjects, which could be interpreted as the consequence of a nutritionally richer environment or a reduced immune competence. Periodontal patients showed a significantly higher prevalence/relative abundance of "established" periopathogens but also other taxa whose role is not well-established and that should be targets for future research. These include Anaeroglobus, Bulleidia, Desulfobulbus, Filifactor, Mogibacterium, Phocaeicola, Schwartzia or TM7. The microbial community of smoking-associated periodontitis is less diverse and distinct from that of non-smokers, indicating that smoking has an influence on periodontal ecology. Interestingly, the high sequencing coverage allowed the detection at low proportions of periodontal pathogens in all healthy individuals, indicating that chronic periodontitis cannot be strictly considered an infectious disease but the outcome of a polymicrobial dysbiosis, where changes in the proportions of microbial consortia trigger the inflammatory and tissue-degradation responses of the host.
牙周炎的病因传统上与三种细菌的联合体有关，即所谓的牙周病“红色复合体”，这一直是大多数诊断和治疗策略的目标。然而，其他物种也与疾病的严重程度有关。此外，吸烟对牙周微生物群的影响还不太清楚。在本手稿中，使用 16S 焦磷酸测序研究了健康个体与慢性牙周炎患者的龈下微生物群组成，以及吸烟对牙周组成的影响。从 82 名患者中采集龈下细菌群落样本：22 名不吸烟的健康对照者、28 名不吸烟的牙周炎患者和 32 名吸烟的牙周炎患者。牙周炎患者的细菌多样性高于健康受试者，这可以解释为营养更丰富的环境或免疫能力降低的结果。牙周炎患者表现出更高的“既定”牙周病原体的患病率/相对丰度，但也表现出其他尚未确定作用的分类群，这些分类群应该是未来研究的目标。这些包括 Anaeroglobus、Bulleidia、Desulfobulbus、Filifactor、Mogibacterium、Phocaeicola、Schwartzia 或 TM7。与吸烟相关的牙周炎的微生物群落多样性较低，与非吸烟者不同，表明吸烟对牙周生态有影响。有趣的是，高测序覆盖率允许在所有健康个体中以低比例检测到牙周病原体，这表明慢性牙周炎不能严格地视为传染病，而是多种微生物失调的结果，其中微生物群落比例的变化引发宿主的炎症和组织降解反应。
