Wasilewski Andrzej, Zielińska Marta, Storr Martin, Fichna Jakub
*Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; †Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and ‡Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2015 Jul;21(7):1674-82. doi: 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000364.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of diseases characterized by inflammation of the small and large intestine and primarily includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Although the etiology of IBD is not fully understood, it is believed to result from the interaction of genetic, immunological, and environmental factors, including gut microbiota. Recent studies have shown a correlation between changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota and IBD. Moreover, it has been suggested that probiotics and prebiotics influence the balance of beneficial and detrimental bacterial species, and thereby determine homeostasis versus inflammatory conditions. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the understanding of the role of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in functions of the gastrointestinal tract and the induction and maintenance of IBD remission. We also discuss the role of psychobiotics, which constitute a novel class of psychotropic agents that affect the central nervous system by influencing gut microbiota.
炎症性肠病（IBD）是一组以小肠和大肠炎症为特征的疾病，主要包括溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病。尽管IBD的病因尚未完全明确，但据信它是由遗传、免疫和环境因素（包括肠道微生物群）相互作用导致的。最近的研究表明肠道微生物群组成的变化与IBD之间存在关联。此外，有人提出益生菌和益生元会影响有益菌和有害菌的平衡，从而决定体内平衡与炎症状态。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注益生元、益生菌及合生元在胃肠道功能以及IBD缓解的诱导和维持方面作用的最新研究进展。我们还将讨论精神益生菌的作用，它是一类新型的精神活性药物，通过影响肠道微生物群来影响中枢神经系统。
