Parazzini Fabio, Di Martino Mirella, Candiani Massimo, Viganò Paola
a Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, Fondazione IRCCS CáGranda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milano , Italy.
Nutr Cancer. 2015;67(4):569-79. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1015746. Epub 2015 Mar 31.
Some studies have considered the association between diet and uterine fibroid risk, but the issue is largely unsettled. To identify potential modifiable risk factors for fibroid development, we have herein systematically reviewed prior publications dealing with this aspect. Comprehensive searches in electronic databases were conducted to collect studies published on association between uterine leiomyomas and both nutrients and food groups. We identified 13 publications deriving from 4 case-control, 3 cross-sectional, and 4 cohort studies. A protective effect has been demonstrated for consumption of fruits and green vegetables in both case-control and cohort studies. Moreover, very recent cross-sectional and case-control studies evaluating serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 tend to indicate that vitamin D insufficiency, which may in part be due to the diet intake, may play an important role in the development of uterine fibroids. No association was found with the intake of fibers, vitamin C and E, phytoestrogens and carotenoids, whereas association was controversial for the consumption of meat, fish, dairy products, and vitamin A. Most data have also been discussed herein in light of the available experimental and animal model results. These findings may be useful in devising nutritional strategies to reduce leiomyoma risk in humans.
一些研究探讨了饮食与子宫肌瘤风险之间的关联，但这个问题在很大程度上尚未解决。为了确定肌瘤发生的潜在可改变风险因素，我们在此系统回顾了此前关于这方面的出版物。我们在电子数据库中进行了全面检索，以收集有关子宫平滑肌瘤与营养素及食物组之间关联的已发表研究。我们确定了13篇来自4项病例对照研究、3项横断面研究和4项队列研究的出版物。病例对照研究和队列研究均表明，食用水果和绿色蔬菜具有保护作用。此外，最近评估血清25-羟基维生素D3水平的横断面研究和病例对照研究倾向于表明，维生素D不足（部分可能归因于饮食摄入）可能在子宫肌瘤的发生中起重要作用。未发现与纤维、维生素C和E、植物雌激素及类胡萝卜素的摄入量有关联，而对于肉类、鱼类、奶制品和维生素A的消费，其关联存在争议。本文还根据现有的实验和动物模型结果对大多数数据进行了讨论。这些发现可能有助于制定营养策略以降低人类患平滑肌瘤的风险。
