Piccolo Brian D, Keim Nancy L, Fiehn Oliver, Adams Sean H, Van Loan Marta D, Newman John W
Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA; West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Genome Center, Davis, CA; and.
Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.
J Nutr. 2015 Apr;145(4):681-90. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.201574. Epub 2015 Jan 28.
Total weight loss induced by energy restriction is highly variable even under tightly controlled conditions. Identifying weight-loss discriminants would provide a valuable weight management tool and insights into body weight regulation.
This study characterized responsiveness to energy restriction in adults from variables including the plasma metabolome, endocrine and inflammatory markers, clinical indices, body composition, diet, and physical activity.
Data were derived from a controlled feeding trial investigating the effect of 3-4 dairy product servings in an energy-restricted diet (2092 kJ/d reduction) over 12 wk. Partial least squares regression was used to identify weight-loss discriminants in 67 overweight and obese adults. Linear mixed models were developed to identify discriminant variable differences in high- vs. low-weight-loss responders.
Both pre- and postintervention variables (n = 127) were identified as weight-loss discriminants (root mean squared error of prediction = 1.85 kg; Q(2) = 0.43). Compared with low-responders (LR), high-responders (HR) had greater decreases in body weight (LR: 2.7 ± 1.6 kg; HR: 9.4 ± 1.8 kg, P < 0.01), BMI (in kg/m(2); LR: 1.0 ± 0.6; HR: 3.3 ± 0.5, P < 0.01), and total fat (LR: 2.2 ± 1.1 kg; HR: 8.0 ± 2.1 kg, P < 0.01). Significant group effects unaffected by the intervention were determined for the respiratory exchange ratio (LR: 0.86 ± 0.05; HR: 0.82 ± 0.03, P < 0.01), moderate physical activity (LR: 127 ± 52 min; HR: 167 ± 68 min, P = 0.02), sedentary activity (LR: 1090 ± 99 min; HR: 1017 ± 110 min, P = 0.02), and plasma stearate [LR: 102,000 ± 21,000 quantifier ion peak height (QIPH); HR: 116,000 ± 24,000 QIPH, P = 0.01].
Overweight and obese individuals highly responsive to energy restriction had accelerated reductions in adiposity, likely supported in part by higher lipid mobilization and combustion. A novel observation was that person-to-person differences in habitual physical activity and magnitude of weight loss were accompanied by unique blood metabolite signatures. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00858312.
即使在严格控制的条件下，能量限制导致的总体体重减轻也存在很大差异。识别体重减轻的判别因素将提供一个有价值的体重管理工具，并有助于深入了解体重调节机制。
本研究从血浆代谢组、内分泌和炎症标志物、临床指标、身体成分、饮食和身体活动等变量入手，对成年人能量限制的反应性进行了特征分析。
数据来自一项对照喂养试验，该试验研究了在能量限制饮食（每天减少2092千焦）中食用3 - 4份乳制品，为期12周。采用偏最小二乘回归识别67名超重和肥胖成年人的体重减轻判别因素。建立线性混合模型以识别高体重减轻反应者与低体重减轻反应者之间判别变量的差异。
干预前后的变量（n = 127）均被确定为体重减轻的判别因素（预测均方根误差 = 1.85千克；Q(2) = 0.43）。与低反应者（LR）相比，高反应者（HR）体重下降幅度更大（LR：2.7 ± 1.6千克；HR：9.4 ± 1.8千克，P < 0.01），体重指数（千克/平方米；LR：1.0 ± 0.6；HR：3.3 ± 0.5，P < 0.01），以及总脂肪量（LR：2.2 ± 1.1千克；HR：8.0 ± 2.1千克，P < 0.01）。确定了不受干预影响的显著组间效应，包括呼吸交换率（LR：0.86 ± 0.05；HR：0.82 ± 0.03，P < 0.01）、中等强度身体活动（LR：127 ± 52分钟；HR：167 ± 68分钟，P = 0.02）、久坐活动（LR：1090 ± 99分钟；HR：1017 ± 110分钟，P = 0.02）和血浆硬脂酸[LR：102,000 ± 21,000定量离子峰高（QIPH）；HR：116,000 ± 24,000 QIPH，P = 0.01]。
对能量限制高度敏感的超重和肥胖个体脂肪减少加速，这可能部分得益于更高的脂质动员和燃烧。一个新的发现是，习惯性身体活动的个体差异和体重减轻幅度伴随着独特的血液代谢物特征。该试验在clinicaltrials.gov上注册，注册号为NCT00858312。
