Dürre Peter, Eikmanns Bernhard J
Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2015 Dec;35:63-72. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.03.008. Epub 2015 Apr 2.
Fossil resources for production of fuels and chemicals are finite and fuel use contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and global warming. Thus, sustainable fuel supply, security, and prices necessitate the implementation of alternative routes to the production of chemicals and fuels. Much attention has been focussed on use of cellulosic material, particularly through microbial-based processes. However, this is still costly and proving challenging, as are catalytic routes to biofuels from whole biomass. An alternative strategy is to directly capture carbon before incorporation into lignocellulosic biomass. Autotrophic acetogenic, carboxidotrophic, and methanotrophic bacteria are able to capture carbon as CO, CO2, or CH4, respectively, and reuse that carbon in products that displace their fossil-derived counterparts. Thus, gas fermentation represents a versatile industrial platform for the sustainable production of commodity chemicals and fuels from diverse gas resources derived from industrial processes, coal, biomass, municipal solid waste (MSW), and extracted natural gas.
用于生产燃料和化学品的化石资源是有限的，而且燃料的使用会导致温室气体排放和全球变暖。因此，可持续的燃料供应、安全性和价格需要实施化学品和燃料生产的替代路线。人们已经将大量注意力集中在纤维素材料的使用上，特别是通过基于微生物的工艺。然而，这仍然成本高昂且具有挑战性，从整个生物质生产生物燃料的催化路线也是如此。一种替代策略是在碳被纳入木质纤维素生物质之前直接捕获它。自养产乙酸菌、一氧化碳营养菌和甲烷氧化菌能够分别将碳捕获为一氧化碳、二氧化碳或甲烷，并将该碳重新用于替代其化石衍生对应物的产品中。因此，气体发酵代表了一个多功能的工业平台，可用于从工业过程、煤炭、生物质、城市固体废物（MSW）和开采的天然气等多种气体资源中可持续地生产商品化学品和燃料。
