骨质疏松症：筛查、预防和管理。
Osteoporosis: screening, prevention, and management.
机构信息
Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.
Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, General Internal Medicine Center, UW Medical Centre, University of Washington, 4245 Roosevelt Way Northeast, Box 354765, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
出版信息
Med Clin North Am. 2015 May;99(3):587-606. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2015.01.010.
Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and abnormal bone architecture. Common fracture sites are vertebrae, proximal femur, and distal forearm. Osteoporosis is underdiagnosed and undertreated. All women 65 and older should be screened. Consider screening younger postmenopausal women with elevated risk. Osteoporosis is diagnosed based on T score or a fragility fracture. Women with osteoporosis or who have a 10-year risk of any major fracture of 20% or hip fracture of 3% should be evaluated for causes of low bone density and treated with an osteoporosis-specific medication, lifestyle interventions, and calcium and vitamin D intake.
骨质疏松症的特征是骨矿物质密度（BMD）低和骨结构异常。常见的骨折部位是椎体、股骨近端和前臂远端。骨质疏松症的诊断不足且治疗不足。所有 65 岁及以上的女性都应进行筛查。对于风险较高的绝经后较年轻女性，可考虑进行筛查。骨质疏松症是根据 T 评分或脆性骨折来诊断的。对于患有骨质疏松症或任何主要骨折风险为 20%或髋部骨折风险为 3%的女性，应评估其低骨密度的原因，并使用骨质疏松症专用药物、生活方式干预以及钙和维生素 D 摄入进行治疗。
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