Ihalainen S, Kuitunen S, Mononen K, Linnamo V
KIHU - Research Institute for Olympic Sports, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2016 Mar;26(3):266-74. doi: 10.1111/sms.12440. Epub 2015 Apr 8.
This study focused on identifying the most important factors determining performance in elite-level air rifle shooting technique. Forty international- and national-level shooters completed a simulated air rifle shooting competition series. From a total of 13 795 shots in 319 tests, shooting score and 17 aiming point trajectory variables were measured with an optoelectronic device and six postural balance variables were measured with force platform. Principal component analysis revealed six components in the air rifle shooting technique: aiming time, stability of hold, measurement time, cleanness of triggering, aiming accuracy, and timing of triggering. Multiple regression analysis identified four of those, namely stability of hold, cleanness of triggering, aiming accuracy, and timing of triggering as the most important predictors of shooting performance, accounting for 81% of the variance in shooting score. The direct effect of postural balance on performance was small, accounting for less than 1% of the variance in shooting score. Indirectly, the effect can be greater through a more stable holding ability, to which postural balance was correlated significantly (R = 0.55, P < 0.001). The results of the present study can be used in assessing athletes' technical strengths and weaknesses and in directing training programs on distinct shooting technical components.
本研究聚焦于确定决定精英级气步枪射击技术表现的最重要因素。40名国际级和国家级射手完成了一系列模拟气步枪射击比赛。在319次测试的总共13795次射击中，使用光电设备测量射击成绩和17个瞄准点轨迹变量，使用测力平台测量6个姿势平衡变量。主成分分析揭示了气步枪射击技术中的六个成分：瞄准时间、握持稳定性、测量时间、扳机扣动的干脆程度、瞄准精度和扳机扣动时机。多元回归分析确定其中四个因素，即握持稳定性、扳机扣动的干脆程度、瞄准精度和扳机扣动时机是射击成绩最重要的预测因素，占射击成绩方差的81%。姿势平衡对成绩的直接影响较小，占射击成绩方差的不到1%。间接而言，通过更稳定的握持能力，这种影响可能更大，姿势平衡与握持能力显著相关（R = 0.55，P < 0.001）。本研究结果可用于评估运动员的技术优势和劣势，并指导针对不同射击技术成分的训练计划。
