Sahlström Leena M O, Sellström Ulla, de Wit Cynthia A, Lignell Sanna, Darnerud Per Ola
Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2015 Jun;218(4):422-32. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.03.011. Epub 2015 Mar 26.
Tri-decabrominated diphenyl ethers (tri-decaBDEs), isomer-specific hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) and 14 emerging brominated flame retardants (EBFRs) were determined in Swedish market basket samples, two pooled breast milk samples and house dust collected in homes of first-time mothers. Daily dietary and dust intakes were estimated for the mothers and their toddlers and compared to previously reported levels in serum of both the mothers and toddlers and in feces of the toddlers (n=20). Diet was the main contributor for intake of ΣpentaBDE and α-tetrabromoethylcyclohexane (DBE-DBCH) for both mothers and toddlers. For ΣoctaBDE, ΣHBCD and pentabromobenzene (PBBz), dietary intake was more important for mothers while house dust ingestion was more important for toddlers. House dust was the main exposure route for ΣdecaBDE, decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB), bis(2-ethylhexyl)tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP), bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE) and pentabromotoluene (PBT) for both mothers and toddlers. Significant correlations (Spearmans, α<0.05) were found between the mothers' BDE serum concentrations and their consumption of meat and fish while no correlations were found between BFR dietary intake and serum or feces concentrations in toddlers. Octa-decaBDE congener concentrations in serum and feces of toddlers were significantly correlated to those in house dust. BDE-207 and -208 concentrations in serum of mothers were significantly correlated with the nonaBDEs in house dust. The correlations between house dust and internal concentrations and comparison of the house dust and dietary contributions to the estimated daily intakes suggest that dust exposure plays a larger role for the octa-decaBDE body burden in toddlers than in their mothers.
在瑞典市场篮子样本、两份汇集的母乳样本以及首次生育母亲家中收集的室内灰尘中，测定了三至十溴二苯醚（三至十溴联苯醚）、异构体特异性六溴环十二烷（HBCDs）和14种新兴溴化阻燃剂（EBFRs）。估算了母亲及其幼儿的每日膳食和灰尘摄入量，并与先前报道的母亲和幼儿血清以及幼儿粪便中的水平进行了比较（n = 20）。饮食是母亲和幼儿摄入五溴联苯醚总和以及α-四溴乙基环己烷（DBE-DBCH）的主要来源。对于八溴联苯醚总和、六溴环十二烷总和及五溴苯（PBBz），母亲的膳食摄入量更为重要，而幼儿通过摄入室内灰尘更为重要。室内灰尘是母亲和幼儿摄入十溴联苯醚总和、十溴二苯乙烷（DBDPE）、2-乙基己基-2,3,4,5-四溴苯甲酸酯（EH-TBB）、双（2-乙基己基）四溴邻苯二甲酸酯（BEH-TEBP）、双（2,4,6-三溴苯氧基）乙烷（BTBPE）和五溴甲苯（PBT）的主要暴露途径。母亲血清中溴化联苯醚浓度与其肉类和鱼类消费量之间存在显著相关性（斯皮尔曼相关性，α<0.05），而幼儿溴化阻燃剂膳食摄入量与血清或粪便浓度之间未发现相关性。幼儿血清和粪便中八至十溴联苯醚同系物浓度与室内灰尘中的浓度显著相关。母亲血清中BDE-207和-208浓度与室内灰尘中的九溴联苯醚显著相关。室内灰尘与体内浓度之间的相关性以及室内灰尘和膳食对估计每日摄入量贡献的比较表明，灰尘暴露对幼儿八至十溴联苯醚身体负担的影响比母亲更大。
