Costa Alberto, Caltagirone Carlo
Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy.
Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy ; Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Rome University Tor Vergata Rome, Italy.
Front Syst Neurosci. 2015 Mar 24;9:43. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00043. eCollection 2015.
Approach and avoidance are two basic behavioral aptitudes of humans whose correct balance is critical for successful adaptation to the environment. As the expression of approach and avoidance tendencies may differ significantly between healthy individuals, different psychobiological factors have been posited to account for such variability. In this regard, two main issues are still open that refers to (i) the role played by dopamine neurotransmission; and (ii) the possible influence of cognitive characteristics, particularly executive functioning. The aim of the present paper was to highlight the contribution of research on Parkinson's disease (PD) to our understanding of the above issues. In particular, we here reviewed PD literature to clarify whether neurobiological and neuropsychological modifications due to PD are associated to changes in approach-avoidance related personality features. Available data indicate that PD patients may show and approach-avoidance imbalance as documented by lower novelty-seeking and higher harm-avoidance behaviors, possibly suggesting a relationship with neurobiological and neurocognitive PD-related changes. However, the literature that directly investigated this issue is still sparse and much more work is needed to better clarify it.
趋近与回避是人类的两种基本行为倾向，其正确的平衡对于成功适应环境至关重要。由于健康个体之间趋近与回避倾向的表现可能存在显著差异，人们提出了不同的心理生物学因素来解释这种变异性。在这方面，仍有两个主要问题尚未解决，即（i）多巴胺神经传递所起的作用；以及（ii）认知特征，特别是执行功能的可能影响。本文的目的是强调帕金森病（PD）研究对我们理解上述问题的贡献。特别是，我们在这里回顾了PD文献，以阐明PD引起的神经生物学和神经心理学改变是否与趋近-回避相关人格特征的变化有关。现有数据表明，PD患者可能表现出趋近-回避失衡，表现为较低的寻求新奇行为和较高的回避伤害行为，这可能表明与PD相关的神经生物学和神经认知变化存在关联。然而，直接研究这一问题的文献仍然稀少，需要更多的工作来更好地阐明它。
