Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy.
Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy.
Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2018 Apr;49:67-74. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.01.013. Epub 2018 Jan 12.
Personality changes are considered pre-motor features of Parkinson's disease (PD). Cross-sectional studies revealed that PD patients were more introvert, apprehensive, and cautious than healthy subjects (HS), whereas other studies failed to disclose these behavioural traits. Some studies found mixed results concerning Novelty Seeking (NS) and Harm Avoidance (HA) profiles in PD patients. To better clarify the personality profile in PD we performed a meta-analysis on studies exploring such topic according to both Cloninger's Psychobiological Model (PM) and Big Five Model (BFM) METHODS: The meta-analysis included 17 studies evaluating the personality in PD patients compared with HS. The outcomes were the dimensions of the temperament and character of the PM and personality traits of BFM. Effect sizes from data reported in the primary studies were computed using Hedges'g unbiased approach. Heterogeneity among the studies and publication bias were assessed. Meta-regressions were conducted with age at evaluation, gender, schooling, and type of personality trait tools as moderators.
As for PM, PD patients scored higher on HA and lower on NS than HS. No difference was found on Reward Dependence, Perseverance/Persistence and on character level. As for BFM, higher levels of Neuroticism, but lower levels of Openness and Extraversion were associated with PD.
The personality profile in PD is characterized by high Neuroticism and HA, and by low Openness, Extraversion and NS. The personality profile delineated in the present study on PD patients seems to reflect the premorbid one and might contribute to development and persistence of affective disorders.
人格改变被认为是帕金森病（PD）的运动前特征。横断面研究表明，PD 患者比健康受试者（HS）更内向、忧虑和谨慎，而其他研究未能揭示这些行为特征。一些研究发现 PD 患者在寻求新奇（NS）和回避伤害（HA）方面存在混合结果。为了更好地阐明 PD 患者的人格特征，我们根据 Cloninger 的心理生物学模型（PM）和大五人格模型（BFM）对探讨该主题的研究进行了荟萃分析。
该荟萃分析包括 17 项研究，评估了 PD 患者与 HS 相比的人格。结果是 PM 的气质和性格维度以及 BFM 的人格特质。使用 Hedges'g 无偏方法计算来自主要研究报告的数据的效应大小。评估了研究之间的异质性和发表偏倚。使用评估时的年龄、性别、教育程度和人格特质工具类型作为调节变量进行了元回归分析。
就 PM 而言，PD 患者的 HA 评分高于 HS，而 NS 评分低于 HS。在奖赏依赖、毅力/坚持和性格水平上没有差异。就 BFM 而言，较高的神经质水平与 PD 相关，但开放性和外向性水平较低。
PD 患者的人格特征表现为高神经质和 HA，以及开放性、外向性和 NS 水平较低。本研究中描述的 PD 患者的人格特征似乎反映了发病前的人格特征，并可能有助于情感障碍的发展和持续。
