Prescott Joseph, DeBuysscher Blair L, Feldmann Friederike, Gardner Donald J, Haddock Elaine, Martellaro Cynthia, Scott Dana, Feldmann Heinz
National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA; University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
Vaccine. 2015 Jun 4;33(24):2823-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.03.089. Epub 2015 Apr 10.
Nipah virus is a zoonotic paramyxovirus that causes severe respiratory and/or encephalitic disease in humans, often resulting in death. It is transmitted from pteropus fruit bats, which serve as the natural reservoir of the virus, and outbreaks occur on an almost annual basis in Bangladesh or India. Outbreaks are small and sporadic, and several cases of human-to-human transmission have been documented as an important feature of the epidemiology of Nipah virus disease. There are no approved countermeasures to combat infection and medical intervention is supportive. We recently generated a recombinant replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine that encodes a Nipah virus glycoprotein as an antigen and is highly efficacious in the hamster model of Nipah virus disease. Herein, we show that this vaccine protects African green monkeys, a well-characterized model of Nipah virus disease, from disease one month after a single intramuscular administration of the vaccine. Vaccination resulted in a rapid and strong virus-specific immune response which inhibited virus shedding and replication. This vaccine platform provides a rapid means to afford protection from Nipah virus in an outbreak situation.
尼帕病毒是一种人畜共患的副粘病毒，可导致人类严重的呼吸道和/或脑部疾病，常常致人死亡。它由狐蝠传播，狐蝠是该病毒的天然宿主，在孟加拉国或印度几乎每年都会爆发疫情。疫情规模小且呈散发性，人际传播的几起病例已被记录为尼帕病毒病流行病学的一个重要特征。目前尚无获批的对抗感染的对策，医疗干预只是支持性的。我们最近研发了一种基于重组复制型水疱性口炎病毒的疫苗，该疫苗将尼帕病毒糖蛋白编码为抗原，在尼帕病毒病的仓鼠模型中具有高效性。在此，我们表明，在单次肌肉注射该疫苗一个月后，这种疫苗能保护非洲绿猴（一种特征明确的尼帕病毒病模型）不发病。接种疫苗引发了快速且强烈的病毒特异性免疫反应，抑制了病毒排出和复制。这种疫苗平台提供了一种在疫情爆发情况下快速提供尼帕病毒防护的方法。
