Morley Katherine I, Lynskey Michael T, Moran Paul, Borschmann Rohan, Winstock Adam R
National Addictions Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Clinical Epidemiology, Farr Institute for Health Informatics Research, University College London, London, UK.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2015 Jul;34(4):427-37. doi: 10.1111/dar.12263. Epub 2015 Apr 13.
Polysubstance use is associated with adverse health and social outcomes, but few studies have investigated whether these associations differ between individuals engaged in different patterns of illicit drug and non-prescription medication use.
Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify patterns of drug use in the Global Drug Survey, a purposive sample collected in late 2012 and surveyed using an online questionnaire including past-year drug use, sociodemographics, mental illness, involvement in violence and sexual behaviour. The sample analysed (n = 14, 869; median age 27 years; 68.5% male) included those residing in the UK (n = 5869), Australia (n = 6313) and the USA (n = 2687).
LCA of cannabis, ecstasy, cocaine, stimulants, nitrous, ketamine, benzodiazepines and opioid painkiller use identified six classes: no polysubstance use (Class 1, 49.1%); cannabis and ecstasy (Class 2, 23.6%); all illicit drugs (Class 3, 9.4%); ecstasy and cocaine (Class 4, 8.3%); cannabis and medication (Class 5, 5.9%); and all drugs (Class 6, 3.8%). Participants diagnosed with anxiety were most likely to belong to Class 5 [odds ratio (OR) 2.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.10-3.38]. Violent behaviour was most strongly associated with Class 6 membership (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.36-2.64). Sexual risk-taking also predicted membership of this class (OR 5.79, 95% CI 4.66-7.18) and Class 4 (OR 4.41, 95% CI 3.57-5.43).
Five heterogeneous groups of polysubstance users were identified in this international sample covering the UK, Australia and USA. Anxiety disorders were associated with medication and cannabis use, while high-risk behaviours predicted use of cocaine and ecstasy, or wide-ranging polysubstance use including ketamine and medications.
多种物质使用与不良健康和社会后果相关，但很少有研究调查这些关联在不同非法药物和非处方药使用模式的个体之间是否存在差异。
潜在类别分析（LCA）用于识别全球药物调查中的药物使用模式，该调查于2012年末收集了一个有目的的样本，并使用在线问卷进行调查，问卷内容包括过去一年的药物使用情况、社会人口统计学、精神疾病、暴力行为参与情况和性行为。分析的样本（n = 14869；中位年龄27岁；68.5%为男性）包括居住在英国（n = 5869）、澳大利亚（n = 6313）和美国（n = 2687）的人。
对大麻、摇头丸、可卡因、兴奋剂、笑气、氯胺酮、苯二氮䓬类药物和阿片类止痛药使用情况的潜在类别分析确定了六个类别：无多种物质使用（第1类，49.1%）；大麻和摇头丸（第2类，23.6%）；所有非法药物（第3类，9.4%）；摇头丸和可卡因（第4类，8.3%）；大麻和药物（第5类，5.9%）；以及所有药物（第6类，3.8%）。被诊断患有焦虑症的参与者最有可能属于第5类[优势比（OR）2.66，95%置信区间（CI）2.10 - 3.38]。暴力行为与第6类成员身份的关联最为强烈（OR 1.9，95% CI 1.36 - 2.64）。性冒险行为也预示着属于此类（OR 5.79，95% CI 4.66 - 7.18）和第4类（OR 4.41，95% CI 3.57 - 5.43）。
在这个涵盖英国、澳大利亚和美国的国际样本中，识别出了五组不同的多种物质使用者。焦虑症与药物和大麻使用相关，而高风险行为预示着使用可卡因和摇头丸，或包括氯胺酮和药物在内的广泛多种物质使用。
